Cells  

Sonia Liberati, Maria Beatrice Morelli, Consuelo Amantini, Valerio Farfariello, Matteo Santoni, Alessandro Conti, Massimo Nabissi, Stefano Cascinu and Giorgio Santoni

Sassan Hafizi

Serena Faggiano and Annalisa Pastore

Protein ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification involved in several essential signalling pathways. It has different effects on the target protein substrate, i.e., it can trigger the degradation of the protein in the proteasome, chan... see more

Jens Daniel and Eva Liebau

The ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (Ufm1) is a posttranslational modifier that belongs to the ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) family. Ufm1 is present in nearly all eukaryotic organisms, with the exception of fungi. It resembles ubiquitin in its ability to be liga... see more

Laura R. Sadofsky, Koti T. Sreekrishna, Yakang Lin, Renee Schinaman, Kate Gorka, Yogita Mantri, John Christian Haught, Thomas G. Huggins, Robert J. Isfort, Charles C. Bascom and Alyn H. Morice

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors are implicated in modulation of cough and nociception. In vivo, TRPA1 and TRPV1 are often co-expressed in neurons and TRPA1V1 hetero-tetramer formation is noted in cell... see more

Elisabeth Bezine, Julien Vignard and Gladys Mirey

The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is produced by many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and is considered as a virulence factor. In human cells, CDT exposure leads to a unique cytotoxicity associated with a characteristic cell distension and induces a... see more

Alexey Goltsov, Yusuf Deeni, Hilal S. Khalil, Tero Soininen, Stylianos Kyriakidis, Huizhong Hu, Simon P. Langdon, David J. Harrison and James Bown

The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key drivers of cancer progression and targets for drug therapy. A major challenge in anti-RTK treatment is the dependence of drug effectiveness on co-expression of multiple RTKs which defines resistance to single d... see more

Jamie J. L. Williams, Kirsten M. A. Munro and Timothy M. Palmer

The realisation that unregulated activation of the Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathway is a key driver of a wide range of diseases has identified its components as targets for therapeutic intervention by small ... see more

Rafael Brito, Sandeep Sheth, Debashree Mukherjea, Leonard P. Rybak and Vickram Ramkumar

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel present on sensory neurons which is activated by heat, protons, capsaicin and a variety of endogenous lipids termed endovanilloids. As such, TRPV1 serves as a multimodal sensor of noxious ... see more

Nelson S. Yee, Qin Li, Abid A. Kazi, Zhaohai Yang, Arthur Berg and Rosemary K. Yee

The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 8 (TRPM8) channels control Ca2+ homeostasis. Recent studies indicate that TRPM8 channels are aberrantly expressed and required for cellular proliferation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, t... see more

Joseph M. DiRienzo

The Gram-negative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is part of the HACEK group that causes infective endocarditis, a constituent of the oral flora that promotes some forms of periodontal disease and a member of the family of species that sec... see more

Yuyang Sun, Pramod Sukumaran, Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay and Brij B. Singh

Ca2+ entry is essential for regulating vital physiological functions in all neuronal cells. Although neurons are engaged in multiple modes of Ca2+ entry that regulates variety of neuronal functions, we will only discuss a subset of specialized Ca2+-permea... see more

Mirna Perusina Lanfranca, Heba H. Mostafa and David J. Davido

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encoded E3 ubiquitin ligase, infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), is required for efficient lytic viral replication and regulates the switch between the lytic and latent states of HSV-1. As an E3 ubiquitin ligase, ICP0 d... see more

Barbara Mojsa, Iréna Lassot and Solange Desagher

Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family that is essential for the survival of multiple cell lineages and that is highly amplified in human cancer. Under physiological conditions, Mcl-1 expression is tightly regulated at multiple levels, inv... see more

Arianna Calistri, Denis Munegato, Ilaria Carli, Cristina Parolin and Giorgio Palù

Through the combined action of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes, conjugation of ubiquitin to a target protein acts as a reversible post-translational modification functionally similar to phosphorylation. Indeed, ubiquitination is more and more ... see more

Helen M. Jopling, Adam F. Odell, Caroline Pellet-Many, Antony M. Latham, Paul Frankel, Asipu Sivaprasadarao, John H. Walker, Ian C. Zachary and Sreenivasan Ponnambalam

Rab GTPases are implicated in endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling, but how such membrane traffic regulators control vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2/KDR) dynamics and function are not well understood. Here, we evaluated two differen... see more

Eiichi Kumamoto, Tsugumi Fujita and Chang-Yu Jiang

The spinal substantia gelatinosa (SG) plays a pivotal role in modulating nociceptive transmission through dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from the periphery. TRP channels such as TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels expressed in the SG are involved in the regulati... see more

Ichiro N. Maruyama

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play essential roles in cellular processes, including metabolism, cell-cycle control, survival, proliferation, motility and differentiation. RTKs are all synthesized as single-pass transmembrane proteins and bind polypepti... see more

Fang Zheng and Kevin D. Phelan

Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels are a family of polymodal cation channels with some degree of Ca2+ permeability. Although initially thought to be channels mediating store-operated Ca2+ influx, TRPC channels can be activated by stimu... see more

Olaf Voolstra and Armin Huber

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels constitute an ancient family of cation channels that have been found in many eukaryotic organisms from yeast to human. TRP channels exert a multitude of physiological functions ranging from Ca2+ homeostasis in t... see more

Xingjuan Chen, Christian Egly, Ashley M. Riley, Wennan Li, Paul Tewson, Thomas E. Hughes, Anne Marie Quinn and Alexander G. Obukhov

Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) is a cation selective, DAG-regulated, Ca2+-permeable channel activated by the agonists of Gq-protein-coupled heptahelical receptors. Dysfunctions of TRPC6 are implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardi... see more

Georgios N. Belibasakis and Nagihan Bostanci

The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are a family of exotoxins produced by a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria. They are known for causing genotoxic stress to the cell, resulting in growth arrest and eventually apoptotic cell death. Nevertheless, th... see more

Estefanía Carrasco-García, Miguel Saceda and Isabel Martínez-Lacaci

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most frequent, aggressive and fatal type of brain tumor. Glioblastomas are characterized by their infiltrating nature, high proliferation rate and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Recently, oncologic therapy experie... see more

Takashi Ishii, Minoru Funakoshi, Hideki Kobayashi and Takeshi Sekiguchi

The yeast ubiquitin-like and ubiquitin-associated protein Dsk2 is one of the ubiquitin receptors that function in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We screened the Dsk2-interacting proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a two-hybrid assay and identified ... see more