Cells  

Sylvain Julien, Marie Bobowski, Agata Steenackers, Xuefen Le Bourhis and Philippe Delannoy

Gangliosides, the glycosphingolipids carrying one or several sialic acid residues, are located on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane in glycolipid-enriched microdomains, where they interact with molecules of signal transduction pathways including re... see more

Nobuhiro Nakamura

It is now understood that protein ubiquitination has diverse cellular functions in eukaryotes. The molecular mechanism and physiological significance of ubiquitin-mediated processes have been extensively studied in yeast, Drosophila and mammalian somatic ... see more

Katey K. McKayed and Jeremy C. Simpson

The cytoskeleton plays several fundamental roles in the cell, including organizing the spatial arrangement of subcellular organelles, regulating cell dynamics and motility, providing a platform for interaction with neighboring cells, and ultimately defini... see more

Cynthia Wei-Sheng Lee and Ing-Kang Ho

Opioids are widely prescribed pain relievers with multiple side effects and potential complications. They produce analgesia via G-protein-protein coupled receptors: µ-, d-, ?-opioid and opioid receptor-like 1 receptors. Bivalent ligands targeted to the ol... see more

Bor-Sen Chen and Chia-Chou Wu

Systems biology aims at achieving a system-level understanding of living organisms and applying this knowledge to various fields such as synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and medicine. System-level understanding of living organisms can be derived ... see more