Cells  

Alexey Y. Karulin, Richard Caspell, Marcus Dittrich and Paul V. Lehmann

Accurate assessment of positive ELISPOT responses for low frequencies of antigen-specific T-cells is controversial. In particular, it is still unknown whether ELISPOT counts within replicate wells follow a theoretical distribution function, and thus wheth... see more

Jodi Hagen, Ryan Zimmerman, Christine Goetz, Jody Bonnevier, Jeffrey P. Houchins, Kevin Reagan and Alexander E. Kalyuzhny

ELISPOT, ELISA and flow cytometry techniques are often used to study the function of immune system cells. It is tempting to speculate that these assays can be used interchangeably, providing similar information about the cytokine secreting activity of cel... see more

Jodi Hanson, Srividya Sundararaman, Richard Caspell, Edith Karacsony, Alexey Y. Karulin and Paul V. Lehmann

Comprehensive immune monitoring requires that frequencies of T cells, producing different cytokines, are measured to establish the magnitude of Th1, Th2, and Th17 components of cell-mediated immunity. Antigen titration provides additional information abou... see more

Alexey Y. Karulin, Kinga Karacsony, Wenji Zhang, Oleg S. Targoni, Ioana Moldovan, Marcus Dittrich, Srividya Sundararaman and Paul V. Lehmann

Each positive well in ELISPOT assays contains spots of variable sizes that can range from tens of micrometers up to a millimeter in diameter. Therefore, when it comes to counting these spots the decision on setting the lower and the upper spot size thresh... see more

Marie Wunsch, Richard Caspell, Stefanie Kuerten, Paul V. Lehmann and Srividya Sundararaman

As soon as Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) are isolated from whole blood, some cells begin dying. The rate of apoptotic cell death is increased when PBMC are shipped, cryopreserved, or stored under suboptimal conditions. Apoptotic cells secrete ... see more

Srividya Sundararaman, Alexey Y. Karulin, Tameem Ansari, Nadine BenHamouda, Judith Gottwein, Sreenivas Laxmanan, Steven M. Levine, John T. Loffredo, Stephanie McArdle, Christine Neudoerfl, Diana Roen, Karina Silina, Mackenzie Welch and Paul V. Lehmann

The primary goal of immune monitoring with ELISPOT is to measure the number of T cells, specific for any antigen, accurately and reproducibly between different laboratories. In ELISPOT assays, antigen-specific T cells secrete cytokines, forming spots of d... see more

Cells Editorial Office

Radleigh Santos, Alcinette Buying, Nazila Sabri, John Yu, Anthony Gringeri, James Bender, Sylvia Janetzki, Clemencia Pinilla and Valeria A. Judkowski

Immune monitoring of functional responses is a fundamental parameter to establish correlates of protection in clinical trials evaluating vaccines and therapies to boost antigen-specific responses. The IFN? ELISPOT assay is a well-standardized and validate... see more