Cells  

Miles C. Smith, Andrew C. Box, Jeffrey S. Haug, William S. Lane and David J. Davido

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a significant human pathogen that infects a large portion of the human population. Cells deploy a variety of defenses to limit the extent to which the virus can replicate. One such factor is the promyelocytic leukemi... see more

Tomas Dillenbeck, Eva Gelius, Jenny Fohlstedt and Niklas Ahlborg

The involvement of T-helper (Th)1, Th17 and Th22 cell subsets, in immunity, as well as in pathological inflammatory reactions, makes it important to determine their relative proportion. A triple FluoroSpot detecting the hallmark cytokines of Th1 (IFN-?), ... see more

Sylvia Janetzki, Markus Rueger and Tomas Dillenbeck

ELISpot is one of the most commonly used immune monitoring assays, which allows the functional assessment of the immune system at the single cell level. With its outstanding sensitivity and ease of performance, the assay has recently advanced from the mer... see more

Vladimir Chubanov, Sebastian Schäfer, Silvia Ferioli and Thomas Gudermann

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) is a bi-functional protein comprising a TRP ion channel segment linked to an a-type protein kinase domain. Genetic inactivation of TRPM7 revealed its central role in magnesium metabo... see more

Zoi Erpapazoglou, Olivier Walker and Rosine Haguenauer-Tsapis

Modification by Lys63-linked ubiquitin (UbK63) chains is the second most abundant form of ubiquitylation. In addition to their role in DNA repair or kinase activation, UbK63 chains interfere with multiple steps of intracellular trafficking. UbK63 chains d... see more

Margarida Gama-Carvalho, Jorge Andrade and Luis Brás-Rosário

microRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that have been shown to be central players in the establishment of cellular programs, often acting as switches that control the choice between proliferation and differentiation during develo... see more

Laura R. Sadofsky, Koti T. Sreekrishna, Yakang Lin, Renee Schinaman, Kate Gorka, Yogita Mantri, John Christian Haught, Thomas G. Huggins, Robert J. Isfort, Charles C. Bascom and Alyn H. Morice

Feng Xie, Zhengkui Zhang, Hans Van Dam, Long Zhang and Fangfang Zhou

TGF-ß(transforming growth factor-ß) superfamily signaling mediators are important regulators of diverse physiological and pathological events. TGF-ß signals are transduced by transmembrane type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and their dow... see more

Jane A. Leopold

Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in patients with coronary artery disease and, when present, is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events, including an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. The pathogenesis of vascular calcificat... see more

Alexander Dietrich, Meike Fahlbusch and Thomas Gudermann

In contrast to other Classical Transient Receptor Potential TRPC channels the function of TRPC1 as an ion channel is a matter of debate, because it is often difficult to obtain substantial functional signals over background in response to over-expression ... see more