Cells  

Daniel A. Ryskamp, Sarah Redmon, Andrew O. Jo and David Križaj

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) subunits form a polymodal cation channel responsive to capsaicin, heat, acidity and endogenous metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids. While originally reported to serve as a pain and heat detector in t... see more

Eunhyun Choi, Min-Ji Cha and Ki-Chul Hwang

Cardiac Ca2+ cycling and signaling are closely associated with cardiac function. Changes in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis may lead to aberrant cardiac rhythm and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases, due to their exacerbation of he... see more

Masaharu Kataoka and Da-Zhi Wang

It has been recognized for decades that proteins, which are encoded by our genome and produced via transcription and translation steps, are building blocks that play vital roles in almost all biological processes. Mutations identified in many protein-codi... see more

Carolyn M. George, Julianna Bozler, Huy Q. Nguyen and Giovanni Bosco

The 3-dimensional spatial organization of eukaryotic genomes is important for regulation of gene expression as well as DNA damage repair. It has been proposed that one basic biophysical property of all nuclei is that interphase chromatin must be kept in a... see more

Minsoo Kim, Ryota Otsubo, Hanako Morikawa, Akira Nishide, Kenji Takagi, Chihiro Sasakawa and Tsunehiro Mizushima

Protein ubiquitination plays indispensable roles in the regulation of cell homeostasis and pathogenesis of neoplastic, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the importance of this modification, it is to be expected that several pathogenic bact... see more

Leticia Lemus and Veit Goder

Quality control of protein folding inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) includes chaperone-mediated assistance in folding and the selective targeting of terminally misfolded species to a pathway called ER-associated protein degradation, or simply ERAD. O... see more

Chiara Piubelli, Viviana Meraviglia, Giulio Pompilio, Yuri D'Alessandra, Gualtiero I. Colombo and Alessandra Rossini

The role of small, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) has recently emerged as fundamental in the regulation of the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Several specific miRNAs were found to be expressed in embryonic, postnatal, and adult cardiac tissues. I... see more

Scot J. Matkovich

The short noncoding RNAs, known as microRNAs, are of undisputed importance in cellular signaling during differentiation and development, and during adaptive and maladaptive responses of adult tissues, including those that comprise the heart. Cardiac micro... see more

Nelson S. Yee, Abid A. Kazi and Rosemary K. Yee

The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed cation-permeable ion channel with intrinsic kinase activity that plays important roles in various physiological functions. Biochemical and electrophysiologi... see more

Ashley M. Fuller and Li Qian

Cardiac development is an exquisitely regulated process that is sensitive to perturbations in transcriptional activity and gene dosage. Accordingly, congenital heart abnormalities are prevalent worldwide, and are estimated to occur in approximately 1% of ... see more

Douglas C. Bittel, Nataliya Kibiryeva, Jennifer A. Marshall and James E. O'Brien, Jr.

The importance of microRNAs for maintaining stability in the developing vertebrate heart has recently become apparent. In addition, there is a growing appreciation for the significance of microRNAs in developmental pathology, including the formation of co... see more

Richard Cheng-An Chang, Wei Ying, Fuller W. Bazer and Beiyan Zhou

Activation and recruitment of resident macrophages in tissues in response to physiological stress are crucial regulatory processes in promoting the development of obesity-associated metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have prov... see more

Alice Zuin, Marta Isasa and Bernat Crosas

Around 2 × 103–2.5 × 103 million years ago, a unicellular organism with radically novel features, ancestor of all eukaryotes, dwelt the earth. This organism, commonly referred as the last eukaryotic common ancestor, contained in its proteome the same func... see more

Randy Suryadinata, Siti Nur Ain Roesley, George Yang and Boris Šarcevic

Ubiquitination is an important post-translational process involving attachment of the ubiquitin molecule to lysine residue/s on a substrate protein or on another ubiquitin molecule, leading to the formation of protein mono-, multi- or polyubiquitination. ... see more

Lina Wang, Di Zhang and Wolfgang Schwarz

Low-level laser irradiation in the visible as well as infrared range is applied to skin for treatment of various diseases. Here we summarize and discuss effects of laser irradiation on mast cells that leads to degranulation of the cells. This process may ... see more