Cancers  

Miriam Falzon and Vandanajay Bhatia

Chronic pancreatitis (CP), a progressive inflammatory disease where acini are destroyed and replaced by fibrous tissue, increases the risk for pancreatic cancer. Risk factors include alcohol, smoking, and obesity. The effects of these risk factors are exa... see more

Dennis A. Simpson, Nathalay Lemonie, David S. Morgan, Shobhan Gaddameedhi and William K. Kaufmann

The oncogenic BRAF(V600E) mutation is common in melanomas as well as moles. The roles that this mutation plays in the early events in the development of melanoma are poorly understood. This study demonstrates that expression of BRAF(V600E) is not only cla... see more

Shang-Lang Huang and Chuck C.-K. Chao

A previous genome-wide screening analysis identified a panel of genes that sensitize the human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell line NCI-H1155 to taxol. However, whether the identified genes sensitize other cancer cells to taxol has not been examined. H... see more

Tomonori Matsumoto, Takahiro Shimizu, Atsushi Takai and Hiroyuki Marusawa

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized cancer genomics due to their high throughput sequencing capacity. Reports of the gene mutation profiles of various cancers by many researchers, including international cancer genome researc... see more

Yi-Ju Wu, Yee-Jee Jan, Bor-Sheng Ko, Shu-Man Liang and Jun-Yang Liou

There are seven mammalian isoforms of the 14-3-3 protein, which regulate multiple cellular functions via interactions with phosphorylated partners. Increased expression of 14-3-3 proteins contributes to tumor progression of various malignancies. Several i... see more

Bryce D. Beutler and Philip R. Cohen

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by the development of noncaseating granulomas in multiple organ systems. Many hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, including melanoma, have been associated with sarcoidosis. We describe th... see more

Kylie H. Kang, Christian C. Okoye, Ravi B. Patel, Shankar Siva, Tithi Biswas, Rodney J. Ellis, Min Yao, Mitchell Machtay and Simon S. Lo

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become a standard treatment option for early stage, node negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients who are either medically inoperable or refuse surgical resection. SBRT has high local control rates ... see more

Louise Slot Christiansen, Louise Egeblad, Birgitte Munch-Petersen, Jure Piškur and Wolfgang Knecht

Nucleoside analogues (NA) are prodrugs that are phosphorylated by deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dNKs) as the first step towards a compound toxic to the cell. During the last 20 years, research around dNKs has gone into new organisms other than mammals and ... see more

Robert H. Weiss

Achim Rittmeyer

Introduction: In the past few years many trials have evaluated the use of maintenance therapy in the treatment of NSCLC stage IV. Both switch as well as continuation maintenance show an improved PFS and overall survival. HRQoL data was only partially publ... see more

Sacha I. Rothschild

Systemic therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has undergone a dramatic paradigm shift over the past decade. Advances in our understanding of the underlying biology of NSCLC have revealed distinct molecular subtypes. A substantial proportion of N... see more

Andrew McGuire, James A. L. Brown, Carmel Malone, Ray McLaughlin and Michael J. Kerin

Currently, breast cancer affects approximately 12% of women worldwide. While the incidence of breast cancer rises with age, a younger age at diagnosis is linked to increased mortality. We discuss age related factors affecting breast cancer diagnosis, mana... see more

Roberto Gomez-Casal, Chitralekha Bhattacharya, Michael W. Epperly, Per H. Basse, Hong Wang, Xinhui Wang, David A. Proia, Joel S. Greenberger, Mark A. Socinski and Vera Levina

The molecular chaperone HSP90 is involved in stabilization and function of multiple client proteins, many of which represent important oncogenic drivers in NSCLC. Utilization of HSP90 inhibitors as radiosensitizing agents is a promising approach. The anti... see more

Vidhya R. Rao, Mathew Perez-Neut, Simon Kaja and Saverio Gentile

Changes of the electrical charges across the surface cell membrane are absolutely necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis in physiological as well as in pathological conditions. The opening of ion channels alter the charge distribution across the surfa... see more

Noothan Jyothi Satheesh and Dietrich Büsselberg

Neuroblastoma is the second most common paediatric cancer. It develops from undifferentiated simpatico-adrenal lineage cells and is mostly sporadic; however, the aetiology behind the development of neuroblastoma is still not fully understood. Intracellula... see more

Georg Lenz

Within the last couple of years, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has significantly improved. Large-scale gene expression profiling studies have led to the discovery of seve... see more

Christopher Schneider, Wayne Newhauser and Jad Farah

Exposure to stray neutrons increases the risk of second cancer development after proton therapy. Previously reported analytical models of this exposure were difficult to configure and had not been investigated below 100 MeV proton energy. The purposes of ... see more

Ram Mohan Ram Kumar and Bruno Fuchs

Osteosarcoma is a rare type of cancer associated with a poor clinical outcome. Even though the pathologic characteristics of OS are well established, much remains to be understood, particularly at the molecular signaling level. The molecular mechanisms of... see more

Hideko Isozaki, Nagio Takigawa and Katsuyuki Kiura

The discovery of an echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene led to improved clinical outcomes in patients with lung cancer after the development of the first ALK-targeting agent, crizotinib. Som... see more

Ranjan Upadhyay, Linda Hammerich, Paul Peng, Brian Brown, Miriam Merad and Joshua D. Brody

While the cellular origin of lymphoma is often characterized by chromosomal translocations and other genetic aberrations, its growth and development into a malignant neoplasm is highly dependent upon its ability to escape natural host defenses. Neoplastic... see more

Edwin Thrower

Pancreatitis, a debilitating inflammatory disorder, results from pancreatic injury. Alcohol abuse is the foremost cause, although cigarette smoking has recently surfaced as a distinct risk factor. The mechanisms by which cigarette smoke and its toxins ini... see more

Kris S. Armoogum and Nicola Thorp

Background: We compare clinical outcomes of paediatric patients with CNS tumours treated with protons or IMRT. CNS tumours form the second most common group of cancers in children. Radiotherapy plays a major role in the treatment of many of these patients... see more

Wayne D. Newhauser, Rui Zhang, Timothy G. Jones, Annelise Giebeler, Phillip J. Taddei, Robert D. Stewart, Andrew Lee and Oleg Vassiliev

Proton radiation therapy is an effective modality for cancer treatments, but the cost of proton therapy is much higher compared to conventional radiotherapy and this presents a formidable barrier to most clinical practices that wish to offer proton therap... see more

Orvar Gunnarsson, Shehzad Basaria and Gretchen A. Gignac

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with multiple metabolic complications, previously predominantly evaluated in the white population. Methods: A chart-based retrospective review was conducted on black pa... see more

Alina Goldenberg, Shang I. Brian Jiang and Philip R. Cohen

Melanoma and prostate cancer are the fifth and first most common cancers in men within the United States, respectively. The association between the two cancers lies in the mutual androgen-dependence. However, the relationship between prostate cancer histo... see more

Maeve Kiely and Patrick A. Kiely

Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase in cells. It consists of a catalytic subunit (C), a structural subunit (A), and a regulatory/variable B-type subunit. PP2A has a critical role to play in homeostasis where its predomina... see more

X. Ronald. Zhu, Yupeng Li, Dennis Mackin, Heng Li, Falk Poenisch, Andrew K. Lee, Anita Mahajan, Steven J. Frank, Michael T. Gillin, Narayan Sahoo and Xiaodong Zhang

An intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) program based on measurement alone can be very time consuming due to the highly modulated dose distributions of IMPT fields. Incorporating independent dose calculation ... see more

Derek Freund, Rui Zhang, Mary Sanders and Wayne Newhauser

Cancer of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) is the second most common of all pediatric cancers. Treatment of many of these cancers includes radiation therapy of which radiation induced cerebral necrosis (RICN) can be a severe and potentially deva... see more

Ryou-u Takahashi, Hiroaki Miyazaki and Takahiro Ochiya

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of small, approximately 20–22 nucleotide, non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of target genes, mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Accumulating lines of evidence have indicated that miRNAs play i... see more

Lluís Nisa, Daniel Matthias Aebersold, Roland Giger, Marco Domenico Caversaccio, Urs Borner, Michaela Medová and Yitzhak Zimmer

High-throughput molecular profiling approaches have emerged as precious research tools in the field of head and neck translational oncology. Such approaches have identified and/or confirmed the role of several genes or pathways in the acquisition/maintena... see more

Wenhua Cao, Gino J. Lim, Yupeng Li, X. Ronald Zhu and Xiaodong Zhang

Purpose: This study investigates potential gains of an improved beam angle arrangement compared to a conventional fixed gantry setup in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) treatment for localized prostate cancer patients based on a proof of principl... see more

Nele Van Der Steen, Patrick Pauwels, Ignacio Gil-Bazo, Eduardo Castañon, Luis Raez, Federico Cappuzzo and Christian Rolfo

In the last decade, the tyrosine kinase receptor cMET, together with its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has become a target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Signalization via cMET stimulates several oncological processes amongst which are ce... see more

Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal, Michael Labagnara, Marissa Friedman, Amanda Kwasnicki and Raj Murali

Glioblastoma (GBM), a WHO-defined Grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and aggressive CNS malignancy. Despite current treatment modalities, the survival time remains dismal. The main cause of mortality in patients with this disease is reoccurrence of ... see more