Cancers  

Timsy Uppal, Roni Sarkar, Ranjit Dhelaria and Subhash C. Verma

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or Human herpesvirus-8 (KSHV/HHV-8), an oncogenic human herpesvirus and the leading cause of cancer in HIV-infected individuals, is a major public health concern with recurring reports of epidemics on a global level... see more

Celina Yang, Kyle Bromma and Devika Chithrani

Optimizing the interface between nanoparticles (NPs) and the biological environment at various levels should be considered for improving delivery of NPs to the target tumor area. For NPs to be successfully delivered to cancer cells, NPs needs to be functi... see more

Heather Armstrong, Michael Bording-Jorgensen, Stephanie Dijk and Eytan Wine

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Yide Huang, Yafei Zhang, Lilin Ge, Yao Lin and Hang Fai Kwok

The protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family is involved in multiple cellular functions and plays an important role in various pathological and physiological processes. In many chronic diseases, for example cancer, PTP is a potential therapeutic target f... see more

Jeffrey K. Holden and Christian N. Cunningham

The Hippo pathway is a critical transcriptional signaling pathway that regulates cell growth, proliferation and organ development. The transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) protein family consists of four paralogous transcription factors that f... see more

Yoshihiro Morita, Macall Leslie, Hiroyasu Kameyama, David E. Volk and Takemi Tanaka

Aptamer-related technologies represent a revolutionary advancement in the capacity to rapidly develop new classes of targeting ligands. Structurally distinct RNA and DNA oligonucleotides, aptamers mimic small, protein-binding molecules and exhibit high bi... see more

Joëlle Roche

The author wishes to make the following correction to the paper[...]

Klaudia Szymonowicz, Sebastian Oeck, Nathalie M. Malewicz and Verena Jendrossek

Genetic alterations driving aberrant activation of the survival kinase Protein Kinase B (Akt) are observed with high frequency during malignant transformation and cancer progression. Oncogenic gene mutations coding for the upstream regulators or Akt, e.g.... see more

Anna-Laura Kretz, Silvia Von Karstedt, Andreas Hillenbrand, Doris Henne-Bruns, Uwe Knippschild, Anna Trauzold and Johannes Lemke

Despite recent advances in oncology, diagnosis, and therapy, treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still exceedingly challenging. PDAC remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Poor prognosis is due to the aggr... see more

Eveline Hoebe, Coral Wille, Stacy Hagemeier, Shannon Kenney, Astrid Greijer and Jaap Middeldorp

Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) BamHI-A rightward frame 1 (BARF1) protein is considered a viral oncogene in epithelial cells and has immune-modulating properties. During viral lytic replication BARF1 is expressed as an early gene, regulated by the immediate earl... see more

Sweet Ping Ng and Joseph M. Herman

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with poor survival outcomes. Recent studies have shown that the addition of radiotherapy to chemotherapy in the setting of locally advanced pancreatic cancer did not improve overall survival outcome. These studie... see more

Alessia Stornetta, Valeria Guidolin and Silvia Balbo

The authors would like to make a correction to their published paper[...]

Matthew G.K. Benesch, Iain T.K. MacIntyre, Todd P.W. McMullen and David N. Brindley

A quarter-century after the discovery of autotaxin in cell culture, the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate (LPA)-lipid phosphate phosphatase axis is now a promising clinical target for treating chronic inflammatory conditions, mitigating fibrosis progression, an... see more

Kentaro Inamura

Immunohistochemistry is a widely available technique that is less challenging and can provide clinically meaningful results quickly and cost-efficiently in comparison with other techniques. In addition, immunohistochemistry allows for the evaluation of ce... see more

Satoshi Shibata, Shigeyuki Takamatsu, Kazutaka Yamamoto, Miu Mizuhata, Sayuri Bou, Yoshitaka Sato, Mariko Kawamura, Satoko Asahi, Yuji Tameshige, Yoshikazu Maeda, Makoto Sasaki, Tomoyasu Kumano, Satoshi Kobayashi, Hiroyasu Tamamura and Toshifumi Gabata

We evaluated the effectiveness and toxicity of proton beam therapy (PBT) for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) >5 cm without fiducial markers using four-dimensional CT (4D-CT) planning. The subjects were 29 patients treated at our hospital between March ... see more

Véronique Hofman, Sandra Lassalle, Coraline Bence, Elodie Long-Mira, Sacha Nahon-Estève, Simon Heeke, Virginie Lespinet-Fabre, Catherine Butori, Marius Ilié and Paul Hofman

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Brittany P. Lassiter, Siqi Guo and Stephen J. Beebe

Nano-pulse stimulation (NPS), previously called nsPEFs, induced a vaccine-like effect after ablation of orthotopic N1-S1 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), protecting rats from subsequent challenges with N1-S1 cells. To determine immunity, immune cell phenot... see more

Prashanth K.B. Nagesh, Elham Hatami, Pallabita Chowdhury, Vivek K. Kashyap, Sheema Khan, Bilal B. Hafeez, Subhash C. Chauhan, Meena Jaggi and Murali M. Yallapu

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an intriguing target with significant clinical importance in chemotherapy. Interference with ER functions can lead to the accumulation of unfolded proteins, as detected by transmembrane sensors that instigate the unfol... see more

Alex Root, Peter Allen, Paul Tempst and Kenneth Yu

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Osama Mohamad, Hirokazu Makishima and Tadashi Kamada

Charged particles can achieve better dose distribution and higher biological effectiveness compared to photon radiotherapy. Carbon ions are considered an optimal candidate for cancer treatment using particles. The National Institute of Radiological Scienc... see more

Aoi Hayasaki, Shuji Isaji, Masashi Kishiwada, Takehiro Fujii, Yusuke Iizawa, Hiroyuki Kato, Akihiro Tanemura, Yasuhiro Murata, Yoshinori Azumi, Naohisa Kuriyama, Shugo Mizuno, Masanobu Usui and Hiroyuki Sakurai

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Cosimo Lobello, Vasilis Bikos, Andrea Janikova and Sarka Pospisilova

Genomic stability is crucial for cell life and transmitting genetic material is one of the primary tasks of the cell. The cell needs to be able to recognize any possible error and quickly repair it, and thus, cells have developed several mechanisms to det... see more

Jonas Cicenas, Egle Zalyte, Amos Bairoch and Pascale Gaudet

Protein kinases are a large family of enzymes catalyzing protein phosphorylation. The human genome contains 518 protein kinase genes, 478 of which belong to the classical protein kinase family and 40 are atypical protein kinases [...]

Geeta Geeta Sharma, Ines Mota, Luca Mologni, Enrico Patrucco, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini and Roberto Chiarle

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a validated molecular target in several ALK-rearranged malignancies, particularly in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has generated considerable interest and effort in developing ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors ... see more

Sergio Lamprecht, Ina Sigal-Batikoff, Shraga Shany, Naim Abu-Freha, Eduard Ling, George J. Delinasios, Keren Moyal-Atias, John G. Delinasios and Alexander Fich

It is well recognized that cancer cells subvert the phenotype of stromal naïve fibroblasts and instruct the neighboring cells to sustain their growth agenda. The mechanisms underpinning the switch of fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are... see more

Urska Kamensek, Natasa Tesic, Gregor Sersa and Maja Cemazar

Plasmids, which are currently used in interleukin 12 (IL-12) gene electrotransfer (GET) clinical trials in the USA, contain antibiotic resistance genes and are thus, according to the safety recommendation of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), not suitab... see more

David Corujo and Marcus Buschbeck

Histone variants are chromatin components that replace replication-coupled histones in a fraction of nucleosomes and confer particular characteristics to chromatin. H2A variants represent the most numerous and diverse group among histone protein families.... see more