25 articles in this issue
Omar Elaskalani, Michael C. Berndt, Marco Falasca and Pat Metharom
The majority of cancer-associated mortality results from the ability of tumour cells to metastasise leading to multifunctional organ failure and death. Disseminated tumour cells in the blood circulation are faced with major challenges such as rheological ... see more
Huey-Jen Lin and Jiayuh Lin
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a fatal malignancy with a five-year survival rate lower than 7%, and most patients dying within six months of diagnosis. The factors that contribute to the aggressiveness of the disease include, but are not limited to: ... see more
Praveen Sridhar and Fabio Petrocca
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells are T-cells with recombinant receptors targeted to tumor antigens. CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as a mode of immunotherapy and is now being extensively explored in hematologic cancer. In contrast, CAR-T cell use i... see more
Ifigeneia V. Mavragani, Zacharenia Nikitaki, Maria P. Souli, Asef Aziz, Somaira Nowsheen, Khaled Aziz, Emmy Rogakou and Alexandros G. Georgakilas
Cellular effects of ionizing radiation (IR) are of great variety and level, but they are mainly damaging since radiation can perturb all important components of the cell, from the membrane to the nucleus, due to alteration of different biological molecule... see more
Margalida Torrens-Mas, Jordi Oliver, Pilar Roca and Jorge Sastre-Serra
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), the major deacetylase in mitochondria, plays a crucial role in modulating oxygen reactive species (ROS) and limiting the oxidative damage in cellular components. SIRT3 targets different enzymes which regulate mitochondrial metabolism an... see more
Stephanie Puukila, Christopher Thome, Antone L. Brooks, Gayle Woloschak and Douglas R. Boreham
This manuscript evaluates the role of cell killing, tissue disorganization, and tissue damage on the induction of lung cancer following low dose rate radiation exposures from internally deposited radioactive materials. Beagle dogs were exposed by inhalati... see more
Ilija Nenadic, Janine Staber, Susanne Dreier, Guus Simons, Verena Schildgen, Michael Brockmann and Oliver Schildgen
With an incidence of 68 new cases per 100,000 people per year, an estimated total number of up to 350,000 new non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases are diagnosed each year in the European Union. Up to 10% of NSCLC patients are eligible for therapy with... see more
Nichola Cruickshanks, Ying Zhang, Fang Yuan, Mary Pahuski, Myron Gibert and Roger Abounader
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor with dismal prognosis. Current therapeutic options, consisting of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, have only served to marginally increase patient survival. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are dysregulated i... see more
Joanna M. Janus, Ryan F. L. O’Shaughnessy, Catherine A. Harwood and Tania Maffucci
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) derives from keratinocytes in the epidermis and accounts for 15–20% of all cutaneous malignancies. Although it is usually curable by surgery, 5% of these tumours metastasise leading to poor prognosis mostly because... see more
Sasha Beyer, Jessica Fleming, Wei Meng, Rajbir Singh, S. Jaharul Haque and Arnab Chakravarti
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, endogenous RNA molecules that function in gene silencing by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The dysregulation of miRNA plays a pivotal role in cancer tumorigenesis, including the development an... see more
Kristin A. Kwakwa and Julie A. Sterling
Tumor-induced bone disease is common among patients with advanced solid cancers, especially those with breast, prostate, and lung malignancies. The tendency of these cancers to metastasize to bone and induce bone destruction is, in part, due to alteration... see more
Masaki Kobayashi, Kenjiro Sawada and Tadashi Kimura
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a fatal disease, with a cure rate of only 30%. Several recent studies have targeted integrins for cancer treatment. Preclinical studies have shown the effectiveness of several integrin inhibitors for blocking cancer progressio... see more
Elena Madrazo, Andrea Cordero Conde and Javier Redondo-Muñoz
Cancer cell migration is a complex process that requires coordinated structural changes and signals in multiple cellular compartments. The nucleus is the biggest and stiffest organelle of the cell and might alter its physical properties to allow cancer ce... see more
Brock J. Sishc and Anthony J. Davis
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious DNA lesions that if left unrepaired or are misrepaired, potentially result in chromosomal aberrations, known drivers of carcinogenesis. Pathways that direct the repair of DSBs are traditionally believed to b... see more
Takuji Tanaka, Takahiro Kochi, Yohei Shirakami, Takayuki Mori, Ayumi Niwa, Naoki Watanabe, Hisataka Moriwaki and Masahito Shimizu
The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [1]. The author Ayumi Kurata’s name should be changed to Ayumi Niwa. [...]
Yoshinobu Kariya, Yukiko Kariya and Jianguo Gu
Malignant transformation is accompanied with aberrant glycosylation of proteins. Such changes in glycan structure also occur in the integrins, which are a large family of cell surface receptors for the extracellular matrix and play key roles in tumor prog... see more
Alessandra Tolomelli, Paola Galletti, Monica Baiula and Daria Giacomini
The ability of integrins to activate and integrate intracellular communication illustrates the potential of these receptors to serve as functional distribution hubs in a bi-directional signal transfer outside-in and inside-out of the cells. Tight regulati... see more
Jianrong Lu and Anitha K. Shenoy
During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cells lose epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties. These two processes are genetically separable and governed by distinct transcriptional programs, rendering the EMT outputs highly ... see more
Julia Thierauf, Johannes Adrian Veit and Jochen Hess
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most prevalent human malignancies worldwide, with a high morbidity and mortality. Implementation of interdisciplinary treatment modalities has improved the quality of life, but only minor changes in overall surviva... see more
Simon Grelet, Ariel McShane, Renaud Geslain and Philip H. Howe
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a spatially- and temporally-regulated process involved in physiological and pathological transformations, such as embryonic development and tumor progression. While the role of TGF-ß as an EMT-inducer has been ex... see more
Tania Martiáñez Canales, David C. De Leeuw, Eline Vermue, Gert J. Ossenkoppele and Linda Smit
For over 40 years the standard treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients has been a combination of chemotherapy consisting of cytarabine and an anthracycline such as daunorubicin. This standard treatment results in complete remission (CR) in the... see more
Sidra Anwar, Wei Tan, Chi-Chen Hong, Sonal Admane, Askia Dozier, Francine Siedlecki, Amy Whitworth, Ann Marie DiRaddo, Dawn DePaolo, Sandra M. Jacob, Wen Wee Ma, Austin Miller, Alex A. Adjei and Grace K. Dy
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Joëlle Roche, Robert M. Gemmill and Harry A. Drabkin
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It is an aggressive and devastating cancer because of metastasis triggered by enhanced migration and invasion, and resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition ... see more
Lorenzo F. Sempere, Jessica Keto and Muller Fabbri
Soon after the discovery of microRNAs over 15 years ago, a myriad of research groups around the world sought to develop clinical applications in breast cancer for these short, noncoding, regulatory RNAs. While little of this knowledge has translated into ... see more
Dongya Jia, Mohit Kumar Jolly, Prakash Kulkarni and Herbert Levine
Waddington’s epigenetic landscape, a famous metaphor in developmental biology, depicts how a stem cell progresses from an undifferentiated phenotype to a differentiated one. The concept of “landscape” in the context of dynamical systems theory represents ... see more