Cancers  

Natalie J. Rothenberger and Laura P. Stabile

Aberrant signaling of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway has been identified as a promoter of tumorigenesis in several tumor types including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite a relatively low c-Met mutation frequency, ov... see more

Richard Heery, Stephen P. Finn, Sinead Cuffe and Steven G. Gray

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), the adoption by epithelial cells of a mesenchymal-like phenotype, is a process co-opted by carcinoma cells in order to initiate invasion and metastasis. In addition, it is becoming clear that is instrumental to bot... see more

Mariana Toricelli, Fabiana H. M. Melo, Aline Hunger, Daniela Zanatta, Bryan E. Strauss and Miriam G. Jasiulionis

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Hiroshi Kobayashi

The realization of cancer therapeutics specific to cancer cells with less of an effect on normal tissues is our goal. Many trials have been carried out for this purpose, but this goal is still far from being realized. It was found more than 80 years ago t... see more

Benjamin Yaw Owusu, Robert Galemmo, James Janetka and Lidija Klampfer

The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Stromal cells secrete growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins which promote growth, survival and metastatic spread of cancer cells. Fibroblasts are the p... see more

Megan Crumbaker, Leila Khoja and Anthony M. Joshua

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Aberrant signaling in the androgen pathway is critical in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Despite ongoing reliance on androgen receptor (AR) signaling in cast... see more

Nico Jacobi, Rita Seeboeck, Elisabeth Hofmann and Andreas Eger

ErbB family members represent important biomarkers and drug targets for modern precision therapy. They have gained considerable importance as paradigms for oncoprotein addiction and personalized medicine. This review summarizes the current understanding o... see more

Kurtis Eisermann and Gail Fraizer

Prostate cancer progression is controlled by the androgen receptor and new blood vessel formation, or angiogenesis, which promotes metastatic prostate cancer growth. Angiogenesis is induced by elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEG... see more

William B. Stallcup

By physically interacting with beta-1 integrins, the NG2 proteoglycan enhances activation of the integrin heterodimers. In glioma cells, co-localization of NG2 and ?3?1 integrin in individual cells (cis interaction) can be demonstrated by immunolabeling, ... see more

Maria Chiara De Santis, Valentina Sala, Miriam Martini, Giovanni Battista Ferrero and Emilio Hirsch

The members of the PhosphoInositide-3 Kinase (PI3K) protein family are well-known regulators of proliferative signals. By the generation of lipid second messengers, they mediate the activation of AKT/PKB (AKT) and mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) path... see more

Rachel E. Piddock, Kristian M. Bowles and Stuart A. Rushworth

Despite the development of novel treatments in the past 15 years, many blood cancers still remain ultimately fatal and difficult to treat, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM). While significant progress has been made chara... see more

Kent W. Mouw

Most bladder tumors have complex genomes characterized by a high mutation burden as well as frequent copy number alterations and chromosomal rearrangements. Alterations in DNA repair pathways—including the double-strand break (DSB) and nucleotide excision... see more

Elizabeth Henson, Yongqiang Chen and Spencer Gibson

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways are altered in many cancers contributing to increased cell survival. These alterations are caused mainly through increased expression or mutation of EGFR family members EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and... see more