Cancers  

Kiyoshi Misawa, Daiki Mochizuki, Atsushi Imai, Masato Mima, Yuki Misawa and Hiroyuki Mineta

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Marion Eryilmaz, Eberhard Schmitt, Matthias Krufczik, Franziska Theda, Jin-Ho Lee, Christoph Cremer, Felix Bestvater, Wladimir Schaufler, Michael Hausmann and Georg Hildenbrand

In radiation biophysics, it is a subject of nowadays research to investigate DNA strand break repair in detail after damage induction by ionizing radiation. It is a subject of debate as to what makes up the cell’s decision to use a certain repair pathway ... see more

Kentaro Inamura

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Rather than being a single, uniform disease type, accumulating evidence suggests that CRCs comprise a group of molecularly heterogeneous diseases that are charact... see more

Anuhya Kommalapati, Sri Harsha Tella, Gaurav Goyal, Wen Wee Ma and Amit Mahipal

Pancreatic cancer is the third most common cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Surgical resection with negative margins still constitutes the cornerstone of potentially curative therapy, but is possible only in 15–20% of patients at the time of i... see more

Fabiana Conciatori, Ludovica Ciuffreda, Chiara Bazzichetto, Italia Falcone, Sara Pilotto, Emilio Bria, Francesco Cognetti and Michele Milella

The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays an essential role in sensing and integrating a variety of exogenous cues to regulate cellular growth and metabolism, in both physiological and pathological conditions. mTOR functions through two funct... see more

Emmanuel S. Antonarakis

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Cecilia Bandini, Aldi Pupuleku, Elisa Spaccarotella, Elisa Pellegrino, Rui Wang, Nicoletta Vitale, Carlotta Duval, Daniela Cantarella, Andrea Rinaldi, Paolo Provero, Ferdinando Di Cunto, Enzo Medico, Francesco Bertoni, Giorgio Inghirami and Roberto Piva

Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) are a category of T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas which can be divided into anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive and ALK negative subgroups, based on ALK gene rearrangements. Among several pathways aberr... see more

Alessia Stornetta, Valeria Guidolin and Silvia Balbo

Alcohol is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a human carcinogen and its consumption has been associated to an increased risk of liver, breast, colorectum, and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers. Its mechanisms o... see more

Joanna Macdonald, Justin Henri, Kislay Roy, Emma Hays, Michelle Bauer, Rakesh Naduvile Veedu, Normand Pouliot and Sarah Shigdar

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), or CD326, was one of the first cancer associated biomarkers to be discovered. In the last forty years, this biomarker has been investigated for use in personalized cancer therapy, with the first monoclonal an... see more

Mathieu Paquette, Leeanna El-Houjeiri and Arnim Pause

TOR (target of rapamycin), an evolutionarily-conserved serine/threonine kinase, acts as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation and survival in response to nutritional status, growth factor, and stress signals. It plays a crucial role in coordin... see more

Rille Pihlak, Jamie M. J. Weaver, Juan W. Valle and Mairéad G. McNamara

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Alette Ruarus, Laurien Vroomen, Robbert Puijk, Hester Scheffer and Martijn Meijerink

Pancreatic cancer is typically characterized by its aggressive tumor growth and dismal prognosis. Approximately 30% of patients with pancreatic cancer present with locally advanced disease, broadly defined as having a tumor-to-artery interface >180°, h... see more

Cancers Editorial Office

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Jacob M. Smigiel, Neetha Parameswaran and Mark W. Jackson

Mortality remains alarmingly high for patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with 93% succumbing to the disease within five years. The vast majority of PDAC cases are driven by activating mutations in the proto-oncogene KRAS, whi... see more

Cheng-Yu Lin, Ankit Shukla, John P. Grady, J. Lynn Fink, Eloise Dray and Pascal H.G. Duijf

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Sonia Chelouah, Emilie Cochet, Sophie Couvé, Sandy Balkaran, Aude Robert, Evelyne May, Vasily Ogryzko and Joëlle Wiels

The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen leader protein (EBNA-LP) acts as a co-activator of EBNA-2, a transcriptional activator essential for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced B-cell transformation. Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cells harboring a mutant EBV strain... see more

Mikko T. Nieminen and Mikko Salaspuro

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Jiacong Wei, Anthonie J. Van der Wekken, Ali Saber, Miente M. Terpstra, Ed Schuuring, Wim Timens, T. Jeroen N. Hiltermann, Harry J. M. Groen, Anke Van den Berg and Klaas Kok

Crizotinib is an effective drug for patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but upon treatment, the tumors inevitably become crizotinib resistant in time. The resistance mechanisms are only partly unders... see more

Shin-ichiro Hori, Alberto Herrera, John J. Rossi and Jiehua Zhou

Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that interact with target molecules with high affinity and specificity in unique three-dimensional structures. Aptamers are generally isolated by a simple selection process called systematic evolu... see more

Kwei-Yan Liu, Li-Ting Wang and Shih-Hsien Hsu

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Alexandria Tasson, Nadia N. Laack and Chris Beltran

With robust optimization for spot scanning proton therapy now commercially available, the ability exists to account for setup, range, and interfield uncertainties during optimization. Robust optimization is particularly beneficial for craniospinal irradia... see more

Neus Martinez-Bosch, Judith Vinaixa and Pilar Navarro

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), the most frequent type of pancreatic cancer, remains one of the most challenging problems for the biomedical and clinical fields, with abysmal survival rates and poor therapy efficiency. Desmoplasia, which is abunda... see more

Ellie Rad, James T. Murray and Andrew R. Tee

Throughout the years, research into signalling pathways involved in cancer progression has led to many discoveries of which mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key player. mTOR is a master regulator of cell growth control. mTOR is historically kno... see more

Natalia Vargas-Rondón, Victoria E. Villegas and Milena Rondón-Lagos

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and despite increased research in recent years, control of advanced-stage disease and optimal therapeutic responses remain elusive. Recent technological improvements have increased our understanding of human c... see more

Yoshiaki Sunami, Artur Rebelo and Jörg Kleeff

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to become the second deadliest cancer by 2030, and the overall 5-year survival rate is currently less than 7%. Cancer cells frequently exhibit reprogramming of their metabolic activity. It is increasing... see more

Carla Mucignat-Caretta, Luca Denaro, Domenico D’Avella and Antonio Caretta

Brain tumor glioblastoma has no clear molecular signature and there is no effective therapy. In rodents, the intracellular distribution of the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (Protein kinase A, PKA) R2Alpha subunit was previously shown to diffe... see more

Jonas Cicenas, Egle Zalyte, Arnas Rimkus, Dalius Dapkus, Remigijus Noreika and Sigitas Urbonavicius

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) are a family of kinases that regulates a range of biological processes implicated in the response to growth factors like latelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothel... see more