30 articles in this issue
Shanying Zhu, Yaoyong Ji, Jian Ji, Tongde Bie, Anli Gao and Huagang He
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Regina Stoltenburg and Beate Strehlitz
Renuka Kolli, Jürgen Soll and Chris Carrie
During the biogenesis of the mitochondrial inner membrane, most nuclear-encoded inner membrane proteins are laterally released into the membrane by the TIM23 and the TIM22 machinery during their import into mitochondria. A subset of nuclear-encoded mitoch... see more
Chuantao Jiang, Hersharan Nischal, Hua Sun, Li Li, Ying Cao, Peng Wei, Jui-Yoa Chang and Ba-Bie Teng
PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) increases plasma cholesterol levels by promoting LDL receptor degradation. Current antibody inhibitors block the interaction between PCSK9 and LDL receptors, significantly decrease plasma cholesterol l... see more
Emma L. Thomas and Renier A. L. Van der Hoorn
Proteases are enzymes integral to the plant immune system. Multiple aspects of defence are regulated by proteases, including the hypersensitive response, pathogen recognition, priming and peptide hormone release. These processes are regulated by unrelated... see more
Fan-Chen Huang, Bi-Ju Fu, Yin-Tzu Liu, Yao-Ren Chang, Shin-Fei Chi, Pei-Ru Chien, Si-Chi Huang and Hau-Hsuan Hwang
Ryota Kirikoshi, Noriyoshi Manabe and Ohgi Takahashi
José Ivan Marques, Jovelina Samara Ferreira Alves, Manoela Torres-Rêgo, Allanny Alves Furtado, Emerson Michell da Silva Siqueira, Eder Galinari, Daline Fernandes de Souza Araújo, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra, Eduardo Pereira de Azevedo, Matheus De Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and Silvana Maria Zucolotto
Federico Manai, Alberto Azzalin, Fabio Gabriele, Carolina Martinelli, Martina Morandi, Marco Biggiogera, Mauro Bozzola and Sergio Comincini
Gliadin, the alcohol-soluble protein fraction of wheat, contains the factor toxic for celiac disease (CD), and its toxicity is not reduced by digestion with gastro-pancreatic enzymes. Importantly, it is proved that an innate immunity to gliadin plays a ke... see more
Ronald Wilders
Francisco Solano
The production of pigment in mammalian melanocytes requires the contribution of at least three melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase and two other accessory enzymes called the tyrosinase-related proteins (Trp1 and Trp2), which regulate the type and amount of me... see more
Chi-Ming Wong, Lu Xu and Mabel Yin-Chun Yau
Alternative mRNA splicing is an important mechanism in expansion of proteome diversity by production of multiple protein isoforms. However, emerging evidence indicates that only a limited number of annotated protein isoforms by alternative splicing are de... see more
Abhirami K. Iyer, Kathryn J. Jones, Virginia M. Sanders and Chandler L. Walker
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of lower and upper motor neurons (MN) leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and eventually death. Although a highly varied etiology results in ALS, it br... see more
Yaning Jian, Yuyu He, Jingjing Yang, Wei Han, Xifeng Zhai, Ye Zhao and Yang Li
Anastasia V. Balakireva and Andrey A. Zamyatnin, Jr.
Plant defense is achieved mainly through the induction of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP)-triggered immunity (MTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), induced systemic resistance (ISR), and RNA silencing. P... see more
Aida Salameh, Roxana Schuster, Ingo Dähnert, Johannes Seeger and Stefan Dhein
Lin Dai, Weiyan Zhu, Chuanling Si and Jiandu Lei
Xiaowei Zhang, Hee Jeong Yoon, Min Gyeong Kang, Gyeong Jin Kim, Sun Young Shin, Sang Hong Baek, Jung Gyu Lee, Jingjing Bai, Sang Yoon Lee, Mi Jung Choi, Kwonho Hong and Hojae Bae
Citrons have been widely used for medicinal purposes for a long time, but the application of citron in the food industry is still restricted. The extensive advantages of nanotechnology in the food industry have greatly broadened the application of foods. ... see more
Aleksandra Somogyi, Anton Petcherski, Benedikt Beckert, Mylene Huebecker, David A. Priestman, Antje Banning, Susan L. Cotman, Frances M. Platt, Mika O. Ruonala and Ritva Tikkanen
Matthew Pitt
The function of the neuromuscular junction in children is amenable to electrophysiological testing. Of the two tests available, repetitive nerve stimulation is uncomfortable and has a reduced sensitivity compared with single-fibre methodology. The latter ... see more
Magdalena Krajewska-Wlodarczyk, Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek, Waldemar Placek, Adam Osowski and Joanna Wojtkiewicz
Changes in articular cartilage during the aging process are a stage of natural changes in the human body. Old age is the major risk factor for osteoarthritis but the disease does not have to be an inevitable consequence of aging. Chondrocytes are particul... see more
Qisong Li, Jun Chen, Linkun Wu, Xiaomian Luo, Na Li, Yasir Arafat, Sheng Lin and Wenxiong Lin
Alice Bertaina and Marco Andreani
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents a curative treatment for many patients with hematological malignant or non-malignant disorders. Evaluation of potential donors for HSCT includes a rigorous assessment of the human leukoc... see more
Hong-Il Kim, Yong-Un Jeong, Jong-Hyeon Kim and Young-Jin Park
Mercè Izquierdo-Serra, Antonio F. Martínez-Monseny, Laura López, Julia Carrillo-García, Albert Edo, Juan Darío Ortigoza-Escobar, Óscar García, Ramón Cancho-Candela, M Llanos Carrasco-Marina, Luis G. Gutiérrez-Solana, Daniel Cuadras, Jordi Muchart, Raquel Montero, Rafael Artuch, Celia Pérez-Cerdá, Belén Pérez, Belén Pérez-Dueñas, Alfons Macaya, José M. Fernández-Fernández and Mercedes Serrano
Fei Liu, Furkan Türker Saricaoglu, Roberto J. Avena-Bustillos, David F. Bridges, Gary R. Takeoka, Vivian C. H. Wu, Bor-Sen Chiou, Delilah F. Wood, Tara H. McHugh and Fang Zhong
Marcella Regina Cardoso, Juliana Carvalho Santos, Marcelo Lima Ribeiro, Maria Cecília Ramiro Talarico, Lais Rosa Viana and Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain
Although the classification of breast carcinomas into molecular or immunohistochemical subtypes has contributed to a better categorization of women into different therapeutic regimens, breast cancer nevertheless still progresses or recurs in a remarkable ... see more
Dania Martínez-Alarcón, Alejandro Blanco-Labra and Teresa García-Gasca
Lectins are proteins that have the ability to recognize and bind in a reversible and specific way to free carbohydrates or glycoconjugates of cell membranes. For these reasons, they have been extensively used in a wide range of industrial and pharmacologi... see more
Gianluca Colella, Flavio Fazioli, Michele Gallo, Annarosaria De Chiara, Gaetano Apice, Carlo Ruosi, Amelia Cimmino and Filomena De Nigris
Cancer treatment is rapidly evolving toward personalized medicine, which takes into account the individual molecular and genetic variability of tumors. Sophisticated new in vitro disease models, such as three-dimensional cell cultures, may provide a tool ... see more
Blas Agut, Victoria Pastor, Josep A. Jaques and Victor Flors