Home  /  Sustainability  /  Vol: 1 Núm: 2 Par: June (2009)  /  Article
ARTICLE
TITLE

Methanetrisulfonic Acid: A Highly Efficient Strongly Acidic Catalyst for Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement, Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation Reactions. Examples from Vitamin E Synthesis

SUMMARY

Methanetrisulfonic acid had been prepared for the first time over 140 years ago, but it was used only scarcely in chemical transformations. In the course of our activities dealing with key-steps of industrial syntheses of vitamins, e.g. economically important vitamin E (acetate), we found that methanetrisulfonic acid is an extremely effective catalyst in a variety of reactions. Examples of its applications are Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements, Friedel-Crafts alkylations and ring closures, as well as acylation reactions. Use of this catalyst in truly catalytic amounts (0.04-1.0 mol%) resulted in highly selective transformations and yields over 95%. (Remark by the authors: We are describing only one example each for the various types of reactions. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to write (here and in the Introduction and in the Conclusion sections): “Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and ring closure, as well as acylation reactions”)

 Articles related

Allen Kurniawan, Se Young Kwon, Jung-Hun Shin, Jin Hur, Jinwoo Cho    

In this study, an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), combined with a post denitrification process, was applied to treat primary sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant and wastewater with a high concentration of nitrate. The production of volati... see more

Revista: Water

Jingjing Zhou, Wenjing Zhang, Dan Liu, Zhuo Wang, Shuo Li    

The transport and deposition of colloids in aquifers plays an important role in managed aquifer recharge (MAR) schemes. Here, the processes of colloidal silica transport and deposition were studied by displacing groundwater with recharge water. The resul... see more

Revista: Water

Rodolfo Jofre-Meléndez, Ester Torres, Yann René Ramos-Arroyo, Laura Galván, Carlos Ruiz-Cánovas, Carlos Ayora    

The Olivargas Reservoir is located in a remote and scarcely monitored area in the Odiel River Basin (Southwest Spain) and is used for domestic, agricultural and mining water supplies. In contrast with highly monitored reservoirs, this paper explores the ... see more

Revista: Water

Tuberculosis y SIDA pediátrico: a propósito de un caso en Mozambique / Tuberculosis and pediatric AIDS: a case report in MozambiqueTuberculosis y SIDA pediátrico: a propósito de un caso en Mozambique / Tuberculosis and pediatric AIDS: a case report in MozambiqueLa Tuberculosis (TB), es una enfermedad producida por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis, bacilo débilmente Gram positivo, aerobio, ácido-alcohol resistente, de aspecto curvo, inmóvil, no esporulado, constituye una de las enfermedades  re - emergentes en la infancia a nivel mundial, el Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida) es el factor de riesgo mayor para la progresión de la TB. a pesar de que la incidencia de ambas enfermedades es baja con relación a las estadísticas mundiales según la OMS; los estados y autoridades sanitarias ponen el mayor empeño para un control eficaz y manejo adecuado de los casos registrados. Motivados con la presencia del Internacionalismo médico cubano en diversos países fue considerado de interés transmitir una experiencia, presentando el caso de un niño de 4 años de edad, raza negra, procedente de un área rural en  Nampula, Mozambique (África), donde el cuadro clínico y los complementarios confirmaron una TB pulmonar, constatando además la presencia de sida  (VIH positivo y linfocitos  CD4+ en  < 15 %). Se aplicó la terapéutica adecuada siguiendo los protocolos establecidos en Mozambique para ambas enfermedades, que permitió una mejoría del estado clínico e hizo posible un cambio en la calidad y esperanza de vida de este.Palabras clave: TUBERCULOSIS/diagnóstico, VIH, SÍNDROME DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA ADQUIRIDA/terapia. ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (abbreviated TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis), is a disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Hominis, weakly Gram-positive bacillus, aerobic, acid-alcohol resistance, of curved aspect, motionless and sporeless. TB constitutes one of the re-emergent diseases in the childhood all over the world. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the most important risk factor to the TB development. Despite the incidence of both diseases is low in relation to the worldwide statistics; and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the states and sanitary authorities are making a great effort to carry out an effective control and an adequate management of the cases recorded. Encouraged by the presence of the Cuban Medical Internationalist Missions in several countries the case is presented in order to transmit experience. A 4-year-old, black boy,  coming from a rural region in Mampula City, Mozambique, sub-Saharan Africa; the clinical and laboratory findings confirmed a pulmonary TB, also the presence of AIDS was verified (positive HIV and lymphocytes CD4+ in 15%). An adequate therapeutic taking into account the protocols established in Mozambique for both diseases was followed with the purpose of  improving the clinical conditions of the patient, which  made possible changes  in the quality of life and life expectancy. Key words: Tuberculosis/diagnosis, HIV, ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME/therapy.

Jesús Lazo Cabrera,Bárbara del R. Hernández Bravo,María A. Méndez Suárez    

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (abbreviated TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis), is a disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Hominis, weakly Gram-positive bacillus, aerobic, acid-alcohol resistance, of curved aspect, motionless and sporeless. ... see more


Noorul Izzati Hanafi, Anis Syamimi Mohamed, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir and Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman    

Bile acids (BA) are classically known as an important agent in lipid absorption and cholesterol metabolism. Nowadays, their role in glucose regulation and energy homeostasis are widely reported. BAs are involved in various cellular signaling pathways, su... see more

Revista: Biomolecules