SUMMARY
In the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in interest in cardiovascular biomarkers for early diagnosis, primary disease control, and management. This has been fueled by the importation of advanced gene technology for the identification of novel biomarkers, as well as a better understanding of disease pathophysiology. This article provides a thorough examination of available biomarkers as well as their evaluation. A growing number of biomarkers are being used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to improve primary prevention. However, clinicians face a difficult task in evaluating and identifying appropriate biomarkers and when they should be used. Since the turn of the century, researchers have been examining the capabilities and limitations of novel biomarkers in the management of CVD. These studies show that much work remains to be done in order to identify novel biomarkers that are more precise and cost-effective for use in early heart disease prevention.