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194  Articles
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Finding the orthogonal (shortest) distance to an ellipsoid corresponds to theellipsoidal height in Geodesy. Despite that the commonly used Earth referencesystems, like WGS-84, are based on rotational ellipsoids, there have also been overthe course of the ... see more

In this paper, we present techniques for ellipsoid fitting which are based on minimizing the sum of the squares of the geometric distances between the data and the ellipsoid. The literature often uses “orthogonal fitting” in place of “geometric fitting” o... see more

The art history has just started to research in detail calligraphic paintings, which belong to Islamic painting and calligraphy and are actually created by using these two branches of art together. Especially calligraphic paintings, evaluated within the o... see more

In the Sufism tradition, the miracle (keramet) is used in the sense of the emergence of an extraordinary state in a person without being related to the prophetic claim. The concept of miracle emerged with the veli (a saint) belief in the Sufism, and over ... see more

Haci Bektash Veli (d. 1271[?]), considered to be the founder of the Bektashism, is one of the leading representatives of Turkish-Islamic thought and belief traditions. He is a person whose influence continues today, as in the past, not only in Anatolia, b... see more

“Tercuman” is a significant term related to ritual within the Alevi-Bektashi belief system. It refers to prayers in verse or prose, said by members who perform the twelve duties during “cem” ceremony. Their content depends on the content of the duty prefo... see more

The Institute of Alevi-Bektashi Culture was founded in Cologne, Germany, in 1997 under the honorary presidency of Prof. Dr. Irene Melikoff with the goal to conduct scientific, cultural and religious studies on Alevism and Bektashism. The main mission of t... see more

Together with the Janissary Massacre in 1826, the Bektashi dervish lodge, that was seen in liaison with the Janissaries and, moreover, was alleged to have incited them, was wanted to be disbanded and the traditional belief of the lodge was wanted to be co... see more

The ritual of sacrificing which has existed in almost all religions and traditions since ancient times is an important ritual. It seems that especially the ancient people have performed the sacrificing ritual in order to prevent the wrath of supernatural ... see more

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