ARTICLE
TITLE

Limited gene flow among Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in two isolated regions in China: Implications for utilization of the SIT

SUMMARY

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a highly invasive species, recently became established in the Hexi Corridor, which is a long narrow passage area with many oases surrounded by deserts and tall mountains in Gansu province, China. The corridor is an important temperate fruit growing region in northwestern China as well as a natural barrier to prevent C. pomonella from invading other fruit growing areas of the country. Since the codling moth was firstly reported, pome fruit damage in this corridor has been severe. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is considered a possible effective control tactic for integration in a future area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) program against C. pomonella in the corridor. Knowledge of population genetics and more specifically of genetic differentiation and gene flow patterns may be important for developing AW-IPM strategies that include the SIT. In the current study, we collected C. pomonella samples from 8 populations distributed across 2 adjacent regions in the Hexi corridor that are geographically separated by stone deserts and high mountains. Eight microsatellite loci were used to investigate the genetic diversity, structure and differentiation of these 8 populations. Significant genetic differentiation was found between populations of each of the 2 regions, whereas populations within each region showed a similar genetic structure, demonstrated by higher Nm and lower FST values for population pairs within the same region than in pairs between the regions. Our findings indicate limited gene flow of C. pomonella between the 2 regions, which suggests that SIT can be implemented to control the pest in the Hexi Corridor of China. ResumenEl gusano de la manzana, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), una especie altamente invasora, recientemente se estableció en el Corredor Hexi, que es una área larga y estrecha de paso con muchos oasis rodeado de desiertos y montañas altas en la provincia de Gansu, China. El corredor es una región templada importante donde siembran frutas en el noroeste de China, así como una barrera natural para prevenir la invasión de C. pomonella en otras áreas donde siembran frutales en el país. Desde que se informó de la presencia del gusano de la manzana, el daño de frutas de hueso en este corredor ha sido grave. Se considera la técnica del insecto estéril (TIE) una posible táctica de control eficaz para la integración de un programa de manejo integrado de plagas en un área amplia (MIP-AA) en el futuro contra el C. pomonella en el corredor. El conocimiento de la genética de poblaciones, y más especificamente de los patrones de diferenciación genética y de flujo de genes pueden ser importantes para el desarrollo de estrategias MIP-AA que incluyen el TIE. En el presente estudio, se recolectaron muestras de C. pomonella de 8 poblaciones distribuidas en 2 regiones adyacentes al corredor de Hexi que están separados geográficamente por los desiertos de piedra y las altas montañas. Se utilizaron ocho loci de microsatélites para investigar la diversidad genética, la estructura y la diferenciación de estas 8 poblaciones. Se encontró una diferenciación genética significativa entre las poblaciones de cada una de las 2 regiones, mientras que las poblaciones dentro de cada región mostraron una estructura genética similar, demostrado por un valor mayor Nm y un valor menor de FST para los pares de la población dentro de la misma región que en pares entre las regiones. Nuestros hallazgos indican un flujo genético limitado de C. pomonella entre las 2 regiones, lo que sugiere que la TIE puede ser implementada para controlar la plaga en el Corredor de Hexi de China. View this article in BioOne

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