ARTICLE
TITLE

A Hybrid and Multiscale Approach to Model and Simulate Mobility in the Context of Public Events

SUMMARY

Organizers of large events have to ensure efficient mobility to guarantee a smooth and secure event course. Traffic and crowd simulations help to predict weak spots on the event's infrastructure. Thus, we propose a hybrid and multiscale approach to provide realistic and computationally efficient simulations. Our approach is able to predict traffic and crowd flow on different spatial resolutions. Events can be modeled on three spatial scales: macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic. Each scale has individual characteristics according to spatial resolution and computational efficiency. Our approach combines these scales to model multimodal aspects of mobilityduring an event course. For the macroscopic scale, a public transport approach, which combines network based optimization with simulation techniques, is presented. This optimization approach for bus transport was integrated into a crowd simulation platform, which simulates the behavior of visitors after having arrived at the event site.

 Articles related

Gianfranco Raimondi, Alexander Martynenko, L. Barsi, Liudmila Maliarova    

Introdution. Exercise can be defined as any structured and planned activity leading to an increase of energy expenditure, breathing and pulse rate. In the context of a correct lifestyle, a regular physical activity reduces the probability of cardiovascul... see more


Aproximación a la dinámica de la respuesta inmune en la infección por la COVID-19 / Approach to the dynamics of the immune response in the COVID-19 infection Aproximación a la dinámica de la respuesta inmune en la infección por la COVID-19 / Approach to the dynamics of the immune response in the COVID-19 infectionObjetivo: caracterizar las particularidades de la dinámica de larespuesta inmune durante la infección por la COVID-19.Desarrollo: el sistema inmune juega un papel en la patogeniade la COVID-19 en el que el infiltrado de neutrófilos es un eventoimportante durante la enfermedad. La producción de citocinasproinflamatorias por activaciones anómalas de las vías deseñalización y desregulación en los interferones, son mecanismosinvolucrados en la respuesta inmune de esta enfermedad. Estasevidencias justifican el uso de tratamientos inmunosupresorescomo la metilprednisolona en los pacientes con cuadros graves. Larespuesta inmune adaptativa aparece después de las dos semanasde infección, aunque la IgM se detecta desde la primera semana.La respuesta de los linfocitos T es indispensable en la completaeliminación de la infección viral.Conclusiones: el sistema inmune juega un papel importanteen la destrucción del epitelio alveolar y el desarrollo de lossíntomas graves de la COVID-19, de ahí que los tratamientosinmunomoduladores pueden beneficiar a estos pacientes.Palabras clave: COVID-19; coronavirus; respuesta inmune;inmunopatogenia.ABSTRACTObjetivo: to characterize the peculiarities of the dynamics of theimmune response during infection with COVID-19.Development: the immune system plays a role in the pathogenesisof COVID-19, where the neutrophil infiltrate is an important eventduring the disease. The production of proinflammatory cytokinesby abnormal activations of the signaling and dysregulationpathways in interferons are mechanisms involved in the immuneresponse of this disease. These evidences justify the use of immunosuppressive treatments such as methylprednisolone inpatients with severe symptoms. The adaptive immune responseappears after two weeks of infection, although IgM is detectedfrom the first week. The response of T lymphocytes is essential inthe complete elimination of the viral infection.Conclusions: the immune system plays an important role inthe destruction of the alveolar epithelium and the developmentof severe symptoms of COVID-19, hence immunomodulatorytreatments can benefit these patients.Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; immune response;immunopathogenesis.

Maité Pérez Cutiño,Daynelis Pardo Martínez,José Ramón Acosta Torres,Alaín Alonso Remedios    

respuesta inmune durante la infección por la COVID-19.Desarrollo: el sistema inmune juega un papel en la patogeniade la COVID-19 en el que el infiltrado de neutrófilos es un eventoimportante durante la enfermedad. La producción de citocinasproinflamatori... see more


Emet Ebru Ates, Aysegül Kayhan, Dervis Ates, Hande Köksal    

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment approaches, and outcome of the patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM).Methods: The patients with IGM were reviewed retrospectively from 2011 to 2... see more


Fiona Cust,Louisa Alderson,Christine Cartwright    

Child and Adolescent mental health have been on the forefront of the health and political agenda for several years.  There has been an increasing demand from child and mental health undergraduate students to deliver more specifically focused educati... see more


Iwan Dwiprahasto Iwan Dwiprahasto    

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics in the treatment of common diseases such as acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhoea has been the major health problems in primary health centres (PHCs). Beside increasing the risk of adverse event, exc... see more