SUMMARY
The waste, which is generated in the process of mining, processing and burning of coal, forms man-made ecosystems in long-term storage, representing a threat to the environment, and of considerable interest in terms of processing and extraction of rare metals. Methods of bacterial leaching in relation to this type of raw material are the most profitable and justified because they are resource saving and environmentally friendly. For the successful using them it is need to study the diversity microbial communities, which formed in the study man-made ecosystems, in terms of their structure and the contribution of different groups in the leaching of metals. Using standard microbiological techniques obtained and quantified savings culture microorganisms of different physiological groups - filamentous fungi, heterotrophic microorganisms, mesophilic and thermophilic moderately acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing chemolithotrophic bacteria; installed their oxidative activity. The best results for the collective leaching of rare and heavy metals into solution are to be achieved in a mesophilic condition, when used ferrous iron as an energy substrate. This confirms the leading role of A. ferrooxidans in the processes of bacterial leaching metals. This indicates that the qualitative composition of acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria that live in technogenic waste of fuel-and-energy complex does not differ from structure microbiocenoses natural sulfide ores.