Home  /  Colloquia Humanistica  /  Núm: 8 Par: 0 (2019)  /  Article
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TITLE

State Boundaries in the Minds of Men: Bulgarian Intellectuals Dividing the Balkans in the mid-19th Century

SUMMARY

State Boundaries in the Minds of Men: Bulgarian Intellectuals Dividing the Balkans in the mid-19th CenturyThe correlation between the political imagination of intellectuals and their social ties is rarely linked to the state-building projects they produce. In most cases, political and social realities in regions do not coincide with the state boundaries sketched by intellectuals. Nevertheless, they do reflect the ideas of a narrow stratum of interconnected individuals that are easy to target and follow.The current text introduces and analyses the individual ties that laid the foundation for state-building creativity in the context of the mid-19th century empires. It suggests that elites occupy a different place in the social hierarchy of the forming nations, creating their preliminary state boundaries mostly based on their own interconnections and personal considerations. While their plans do not necessarily succeed, they usually reflect the nature of the debates and concerns of a relatively small group that conceives them.The case of the Bulgarian public actors in the mid-19th century offers a concentrated picture of a predominantly mobile intellectual elite engaged in the division of the Balkans. That elite included not only revolutionary thinkers like Georgi Rakovski, but also poets and journalists like his younger contemporaries, Hristo Botev and Lyuben Karavelov. Following their writings, one can produce a picture illustrating the correlation between state boundary-making and the imagination of intellectuals. While the Bulgarian example is easy to follow, it is not unique. The hypothesis can be transferred to other cases and other elites engaged in state-building debates, especially those isolated from the reality of their target group due to their position in the social hierarchy, emigrant status or conflicting affiliations. ??????????????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????: ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ? ???????? 19 ???? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ? ????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????, ??????? ??? ???????. ? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ? ???????????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????- ??????? ???????????. ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????- ???????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????.?????? ????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ??????? ???????? 19 ????. ????? ??????????, ??? ???????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????, ???????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???????, ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????, ??????, ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ?? ????????, ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????????.?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? 19 ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ??? ????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????, ????? ????????????? ??????, ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????. ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????, ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ????????. ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????, ? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ?????????? ? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??-?? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????????. Granice panstwowe w umyslach ludzkich: dzielenie Balkanów przez bulgarskich intelektualistów w polowie XIX wiekuKorelacja miedzy polityczna wyobraznia intelektualistów a ich wieziami spolecznymi rzadko jest kojarzona z tworzonymi przez nich projektami budowy panstwa. W wiekszosci przypadków regionalne realia polityczne nie pokrywaja sie z granicami panstwowymi wyznaczonymi przez dzialaczy politycznych. Odzwierciedlaja one idee waskiej warstwy wzajemnie powiazanych jednostek, których dzialania mozna latwo dostrzec i przesledzic.Niniejszy tekst analizuje osobiste powiazania aktywistów politycznych, którzy stworzyli podstawy dla projektów budowy panstw w epoce imperiów polowy XIX wieku. Autorka twierdzi, ze elity intelektualne zajmowaly szczególne miejsce w spolecznej hierarchii formujacych sie narodów, tworzac wstepne granice panstwowe w oparciu o osobiste wiezi i idee. Ich plany nie we wszystkich przypadkach byly zwienczone sukcesem, lecz odzwierciedlaly specyfike debat i interesów malej grupy, która je wyrazala, a nie calej ludnosci.Przypadek bulgarskich aktywistów politycznych polowy XIX wieku stanowi przyklad mobilnej elity zaangazowanej w podzial Pólwyspu Balkanskiego. W sklad tej elity weszli nie tylko rewolucyjni mysliciele jak Georgi Rakovski, ale takze poeci i publicysci jak Christo Botev i Luben Karavelov. Analizujac pisane przez nich dokumenty, mozna odtworzyc model ilustrujacy korelacje pomiedzy konstruowaniem granic, a polityczna wyobraznia intelektualistów. Bulgarski przyklad oferuje wystarczajaca ilosc materialu do badania, lecz jest daleki od bycia wyjatkowym. Model ten moze byc przeniesiony do innych przypadków, w których biora udzial elity zaangazowane w konstruowanie granic panstwowych, jednoczesnie znakomicie ilustruje dzialalnosc przedstawicieli elit, którzy sa odizolowani od grupy docelowej ze wzgledu na sprzeczna z nia tozsamosc, status emigranta lub pozycje w hierarchii spolecznej.

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