ARTICLE
TITLE

Assessment of silage quality of phytogenic fortified feed samples in mini-silos for ruminants

SUMMARY

Article Details: Received: 2019-12-04 | Accepted: 2020-02-18 | Available online: 2020-03-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.01.24-28This study was conducted to assess the silage quality of Zingiber officinale fortified samples in a completely randomized design. The samples consisted of four treatments as samples: Cassava peel (65%) + Moringa leaf (15%) + PKC (20%)+ Ginger (0 g), Cassava peel (65%) + Moringa leaf (15%) + PKC (20%) + ginger (200 g), Cassava peel (65%) + Moringa leaf (15%) + PKC (20%) + ginger (300 g), Cassava peel (65%) + Moringa leaf (15%) + PKC (20%) + ginger (400 g). The physical characteristics; colour, smell, texture, pH, temperature and mould status were observed. All samples retained their original colour, had pleasant alcoholic smell with a firm texture, the pH ranged from 4.2–4.4, temperature range of 25–26 °C with sample D having the highest temperature range of 26 °C while samples A and B had the same temperature of 25.5 °C. The mould status showed absence of mould. The chemical composition revealed that dry matter ranged from 40.86% (sample B) to 54.68% (sample D). Crude protein content ranged from 13.30% to 14.88%, crude fibre content of the samples was significantly (p <0.05) different and it ranged from 14.67% to 22.14%. The mineral concentrations of the samples were higher in Zingiber officinale samples except in sample A where potassium was higher (100.40 mg 100 g-1) than in other samples. Volatile fatty acid composition showed that lactic acid (3.24–4.86%) had higher concentration than other acids. It can therefore be concluded that Zingiber officinale fortified sample showed better nutritional potential as ruminant feed.Keywords: volatile fatty acid, silage, Zingiber officinale, ruminantsReferencesAdediran , O. A, Uwalaka , E. C. and Kolapo, T.U. (2014). Antihelminthic and Anticoccidial Effects of Vernonia amygdalina in Goats. Journal of Veterinary Advances, 4(7), 610–615.Ademola, S. G., Farinu, G. O. and Babatunde , G. M. (2009). Serum lipid growth and hematological parameters of broilers fed garlic, ginger and their mixtures. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(1), 9–104.Aluwong , T., Kobo, P. I and Abdullahi, A. (2010). Volatile fatty acids production in ruminants and the role of monocarboxylate transporters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(38), 6229–6232.Ashbell, G. Z.G. et al. (2002). The effects of temperature on the aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 28, 261–263.Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC) (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. 15th edn. Association Official Analytical Chemists, 805–845.Bilal, M.Q (2009). Effect of molasses and corn as silage additives on the characteristics of mott dwarf elephant grass silage at different fermentation periods. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 29, 19–23.Castrillo C. (2001). 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Evaluation of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a feed additive in broiler diets. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 23(9).Moran , J. (2005). Making quality silage. Tropical dairy farming. Feeding management for small holder dairy farmers inthe tropics. Landlinks Press.N.R.C (1984) Nutrient Requirements of sheep. National Research Council- National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC.Nhan, N.T.H., Hon, N.V., and Preston , T.R. (2009). Ensiling with or without additives to preserve pineapple residue and reduce pollution of the environment. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 21, Article #96. Retrieved November 29, 2010, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/7/nhan21096.htmNorton , B.W (2003). Studies of the nutritive of Austrialian goat : thesis (D.Agric; Sc). University of Melbourne.Pauzenga , U. (1985). Feeding Parent Stock. Zootecnica International., 22–24.SAS (2012). Statistical Analysis System. SAS Version 9.2 user’s guide. Cary, NY: SAS institute.Schroeder , J.W. (2004). 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