ARTICLE
TITLE

CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES OF HEALTHCARE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

SUMMARY

Latar belakang: Dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan, rumah sakit maupun sarana pelayanan kesehatan lainnya menghasilkan limbah medik yang mempunyai risiko menularkan penyakit-penyakit  tular darah dan penyakit lainnya  apabila tidak dikelola secara aman. Tujuan:Diperolehnya gambaran tentang kondisi dan praktik Pengelolaan Limbah Layanan Kesehatan (PLLK) di beberapa rumah sakit umum (RSU) di Indonesia, agar dapat digunakan oleh RSU dan sarana pelayanan kesehatan lainnya untuk melaksanakan PLLK secara aman. Bahan dan Cara: Kajian berupa survei dilakukan oleh Direktorat Penyehatan Lingkungan dengan cara mengirimkan kuesioner terstruktur di100 RSU pada tahun 2004. Hanya 76 RSU yang mengisi kuesioner. Lingkup survei meliputi aspek sanitasi RSU, di antaranya PLLK yang meliputi variabel ketersedian unit organisasi yang bertanggungjawab dalam PLLK, rencana pengelolaan limbah medik , ketersediaan pedoman PLLK, praktik pemilahan dan teknologi pengolahan limbah medik. Hasil: Sebagian besar RSU telah mempunyai unit yang bertanggungjawab dalam PLLK, namun hanya sekitar 33% yang mempunyai rencana PLLK. Demikian pula hanya sekitar 30% RSU yang memilah limbahnya menjadi tiga kategori sesuai pedomanPLLK, walaupun lebih dari 60% RSU telah mempunyai buku pedoman PLLK sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan No. 1204/2004. Insinerasi merupakan cara pemusnahan limbah yang dipilih oleh mayoritas RSU. Kesimpulan: Masih banyak RSU yang disurvei belum mengelola limbahnya sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan No. 1204/2004 seperti diamanatkan oleh Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Berbahaya dan Beracun termasuk  limbah layanan kesehatan. Kata kunci: fasilitas kesehatan, pengelolaan limbah layanan kesehatan, kebijakan, risiko kesehatan Background: In providing healthcare services, hospitals and other healthcare facilities generate medical wastes which can spread blood-borne diseases and other waste diseases if they do not manage their medical wastes safely. Material and Method: Information presented in this paper is part of a survey of Environmental Health Directorate regarding hospital sanitation using a structured questionnaire mailed to 100 general hospitals in 2004. There were 76 hospitals participated in the survey by filling in the questionnaires and sending them back to the Environmental Health Directorate. Study variables include availability of sanitation unit responsible for Health Care Waste Management (HCWM), HCWM plans, HCWM guidelines, waste segregation practices, and HCWM technologies used. Result: Majority of hospitals had sanitation units; however, only about 30% hospitals had HCWM plans. Moreover, only about 33% hospitals segregated their wastes into three categories as recommended by HCWM guidelines, although more than 60% hospitals owned HCWM guidelines according to Health Ministerial Decree No. 1204/2004. Incineration is a preferred means of medical waste treatment technology. Conclusion: There were many surveyed hospitals did not comply with Ministerial Health Decree No.1204/2004 in terms of safe HCWM as mandated by Government Regulations No. 18 and 85/1999 concerning Hazardous Waste Management, including HCWM. Keywords: healthcare institution, healthcare waste, policy, health risk.

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