SUMMARY
Article Details: Received: 2020-10-14 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.93-97In this study we investigated the microbiological and chemical parameters during the composting of different substrates. Composting of two types of substrates amended with natural materials, manure mixed with zeolite (S1) and manure mixed with zeolite and lime (S2), was investigated and compared with that in the amendment-free substrate (C). During the composting the counts of coliform and faecal coliform bacteria in S2 and C differred significantly (P ? 0.001). There were also significant differences in coliform and faecal coliform bacterial counts between substrates S1 and S2 (P > 0.01 and P > 0.05, resp.). The total bacterial counts in C, S1 and S2 showed no significant differences throughout the composting (P > 0.05). Degradation of organic matter was significantly increased in S2 compared to C (P ? 0.001) due to relatively rapid decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms in this substrate. Determination of chemical parameters also showed significant differences between individual substrates. The pH level in S2 was higher and varied from 9.16 to 7.99. Release of N-NH4+ from S2 substrate was significantly reduced. The total nitrogen (Nt) content in S2 substrate was increased by 45.01% compared to the other two substrates and resulted in a decreased C/N ratio towards the end of composting. Our results indicated that composting of manure amended with natural material provided promising results and has a potential for implementation in practice. Keywords: composting,chemical parameters, microorganism, zeolite, limeReferencesAlavi, N. et al. (2017). Investigating the efficiency of co-composting and vermicomposting of vinasse with the mixture of cow manure wastes, bagasse, and natural zeolite. Waste Management, 69, 117–126. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.039Awasthi, M. K. et al. (2016). Role of biochar amendment in mitigation of nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emission during sewage sludge composting. Bioresource Technology, 219, 270–280.doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.128Bougnom, B. P. et al. (2020). Evaluation of wood ash as additive for cow manure composting. International Annals of Science, 9(1), 100–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21467/ias.9.1.100-110Chan, M. T. et al. (2016). Reducing nitrogen loss and salinity during “struvite” food waste composting by zeolite amendment. Bioresource Technology, 200, 838–844. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.093Chandna, P. (2013). Assessment of bacterial diversity during composting of agricultural byproducts. BMC Microbiol., 13, 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-13-99Chang, R. et al. (2019). Comparing the effects of three in situ methods on nitrogen loss control, temperature dynamics and maturity during composting of agricultural wastes with a stage of temperatures over 70?°C. Journal of Environmental Management, 230, 119–127. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.076Li, R. et al. (2012). Nutrient transformations during composting of pig manure with bentonite. Bioresource Technology, 121, 362–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.065Lim, S. S. et al. (2017). Nitrogen, carbon, and dry matter losses during composting of livestock manure with two bulking agents as affected by co-amendments of phosphogypsum and zeolite. Ecological Engineering.102, 280–290. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.031Meng, Q. et al. (2019). Microbial Community Succession and Response to Environmental Variables During Cow Manure and Corn Straw Composting. Frontiers in Microbilogy, 10. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00529Ren, G. (2016).Evaluation of microbial population dynamics in the co–composting of cow manure and rice straw using high throughput sequencing analysis. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 32, 1–11. doi: 10.1007/s11274-016-2059-7Sasáková, N. (2015). Environmental and environmental risks associated with the treatment and utilization of animal excrements and sewage sludge and their environmental impact. Habilitation thesis. p.3-11. University of veterinary medicine and pharmacy in Košice.Szogi, A. A. et al. (2015). Methods for treatment of animal manures to reduce nutrient pollution prior to soil application. Curr. Pollut. Rep., 1(1), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-015-0005-1Villaseñor, J. et al. (2011). Composting domestic sewage sludge with natural zeolites in a rotary drum reactor. Bioresource Technology, 102(2), 1447–1454. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.085Wagas, M. et al. (2019). Untapped potential of zeolites in optimization of food waste composting. Journal of Environmental Management, 241, 99–112. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.014