ARTICLE
TITLE

Identificando Características Latentes de Escolas Públicas de Ensino Médio Mineiras

SUMMARY

As características intrínsecas às escolas se correlacionam diretamente com a qualidade do capital humano por elas formado, o que torna o estudo destas propriedades parte fundamental no processo de universalização do ensino básico no Brasil. Na presente pesquisa, quatorze variáveis de 2177 escolas de ensino médio de Minas Gerais foram submetidas à técnica de Análise Fatorial Exploratória, o que permitiu a extração de quatro fatores (variáveis latentes) que as caracterizaram. O primeiro fator agregou características de dimensão física, o segundo e quarto fatores agregaram características infraestruturais, enquanto o terceiro fator agrupou variáveis relativas à qualificação do corpo docente e discente. A composição fatorial, analisada segundo localização da escola em espaço rural ou urbano, revelou que escolas rurais estão muito aquém quanto à infraestrutura básica, como esgotamento, coleta de lixo e fornecimento de água por rede pública. Por outro lado, observa-se menores discrepâncias quanto às autarquias municipal e estadual. Escolas municipais são maiores e têm melhor capacitação do capital humano, enquanto as estaduais são mais qualificadas estruturalmente. Palavras-chave: Educação. Ensino Médio. Minas Gerais. Análise Fatorial. AbstractThe intrinsic characteristics to schools are directly correlated to the human capital quality formed by them, which makes important the study of these properties in the universalization of elementary school process in Brazil. In this study, fourteen variables from 2177 secondary schools in Minas Gerais were submitted to exploratory factor analysis technique, which allowed the extraction of four factors (latent variables) that characterized them. The first factor grouped physical dimension features, the second and the fourth factors grouped infrastructural characteristics, while the third factor grouped variables relating to the faculty and students qualification. The factorial composition, analyzed according to the school location in rural or urban areas, revealed that rural schools fall far short as regard the basic infrastructure, such as sewage, garbage collection and public water supply. On the other hand, there are minor discrepancies in the municipal and state levels. Municipal schools are larger and have better human capital training, while state schools are structurally more qualified. Keywords: Education. Secondary School. Minas Gerais. Factor Analysis.

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