ARTICLE
TITLE

Energy study of the envelope in metal containers for building = Estudio energético de la envolvente en contenedores metálicos para edificación

SUMMARY

Currently, construction has undergone a change motivated by the crisis in the sector and by the new construction and comfort parametersthat focus on lower-cost housing and energy consumption and greater sustainability. One of the solutions that stands outmost in recent years within this approach to sustainability, cost and energy efficiency are prefabricated homes. Inside this sphere ofpossibilities, the use of maritime containers as a basis for a residential construction system is becoming a reality. However, it isnecessary to establish intervention criteria on its envelope that allow interior conditions or comfort at a minimum cost. Complementingthe envelope of the container with thermal and acoustic insulation and establishing a system of air conditioning by radiationbecome fundamental activities to reach the goal of achieving the habitability of this element. The objective of this article is to compareseveral constructive solutions on the envelope of a maritime container in order to establish the best solution to achieve its habitabilitythrough the optimal relationship between efficiency and economic cost. The methodology carried out has consisted in thestudy, through energy efficiency programs, of the most suitable location both of the insulation and of the different paraments to beradiated by means of a geothermal air conditioning system. The results obtained indicate that the placement of the insulation on theouter face of the container improves the demand for heating by 104.09% and the demand for cooling by 114.89%, while the radiationby floor, walls and ceiling allows the elimination of complementary air conditioning systems to reach comfort temperatures.En la actualidad, la construcción está experimentado un cambio motivado por la crisis del sector y por los nuevos parámetros deconstrucción y confort que se enfocan hacia viviendas de menor coste y consumo energético y mayor sostenibilidad. Una de lassoluciones que más está destacando en los últimos años dentro de este enfoque de sostenibilidad, coste y eficiencia energéticason las viviendas prefabricadas. Dentro de esta esfera de posibilidades, el uso de contenedores marítimos como base para unsistema de construcción residencial se está convirtiendo en una realidad. Para ello, es necesario establecer unos criterios deintervención sobre su envolvente que permitan unas condiciones interiores de confort a un mínimo coste. Complementar laenvolvente del contenedor con aislamiento térmico y establecer un sistema de climatización por radiación se convierten enactividades fundamentales para llegar a conseguir el objetivo de habitabilidad en estos elementos. Este artículo tiene comoobjetivo comparar varias propuestas constructivas sobre la envolvente de un contenedor marítimo, y así establecer la mejorsolución que permita conseguir su habitabilidad mediante la óptima relación entre la eficiencia y el coste económico. Lametodología llevada a cabo ha consistido en el estudio, mediante programas de eficiencia energética, de la ubicación másadecuada tanto del aislamiento como de los distintos paramentos a radiar mediante un sistema de climatización por geotermia.Los resultados obtenidos indican que la colocación del aislamiento por la cara exterior del conteiner mejora en un 104,09% lademanda en calefacción y en un 114,89% la demanda en refrigeración, mientras que la radiación por suelo, paredes y techopermite la eliminación de los sistemas complementarios de climatización para alcanzar temperaturas de confort.

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