ARTICLE
TITLE

Phase change materials performance at radiant floor heating systems for building purposes study = Estudio del comportamiento de los materiales de cambio de fase en sistemas de calefacción por suelo radiante de aplicación en construcción

SUMMARY

Recent research in the field of building materials has led to focus on phase change materials (PCMs). These materials allow the adjustment between energy demand and supply of the climate control systems by storing. Experiments were carried out to investigate the feasibility of using heat storage materials (with PCM addition), placed as one of the flooring layers over radiant floor heating system. In this study, paraffin wax ASTM D 87 (mp 53-57?C) has been added directly during the mixing stage as aPCM, used in mixtures with various contents of paraffin (0.75%, 1.5%, 2.5% with respect to the weight of cement. It was also produced a none paraffin content specimen) and 0.45 water/cement ratio cement mortar. The experiments have been carried out inside of a completely isolated thermal box in which a heating system has been arranged and a measurement equipment for the temperature record. Every experiment consist on four stages that complete the full process of charging the energy storage mortar specimens, by heating the system fluid, and its subsequent progressive discharge after the heating source is off. While testing each specimen different temperatures have been collected: environment temperature outside the thermal box, indoor air temperature,surface temperature of each specimen with the corresponding PCM content, inlet and outlet fluid temperature inside heating system pipe. After carrying out every specimen test it is notice that PCM addition to cement mortar floor layer over the heating system is effective, the more proportion of paraffin added the most appropriate, since it takes a longer period of time to release storage heat during the phase change. Paraffin is an organic material easy to add to the cement mortar porous composition not adversely affecting material resistance, and it has the power to store energy as latent heat by phase changing.Las investigaciones en el campo de los materiales de construcción en los últimos años han llevado al estudio de materiales de cambio de fase (PCMs). Éstos permiten adaptar los periodos de suministro a los de demanda energética en sistemas de climatización, mediante la acumulación de energía. El objeto de los ensayos llevados a cabo en este trabajo es el estudio de la viabilidad del uso de materiales acumuladores de energía (mediante adición de PCM) como una de las capas de solado sobre los sistemas de calefacción por suelo radiante. En este estudio se trabaja con cera de parafina ASTM D 87 (mp 53-57?C) integrada enpolvo de forma directa en diferentes proporciones (0.75%, 1.5%, 2.5% en peso de PCM y una probeta Control sin contenido de PCM) a una mezcla de mortero de cemento con relación agua/cemento 0.45, obteniendo cuatro probetas distintas a ensayar. Los experimentos se han llevado a cabo en el interior de una Casa térmica totalmente aislada en la que se instaló un sistema de calefacción por suelo radiante y un equipo de medida para el registro de la temperatura. Cada ensayo se compone de cuatro etapas que forman el proceso completo de carga del mortero acumulador de energía, calentando el fluido calefactor, y su posteriordescarga progresiva una vez que la fuente de calor ha sido apagada. Durante los ensayos se recogieron temperaturas: en el exterior de la habitación, en el interior de la misma, sobre la superficie de cada probeta con la correspondiente proporción de PCM, y en el tubo de calefacción a la entrada y salida del agua. Tras llevar a cabo los ensayos sobre cada una de las probetas se observa que la adición de PCM al mortero de cemento formando parte del solado sobre el sistema de calefacción resulta eficaz,siendo la mayor proporción de parafina añadida la más adecuada, ya que desprende al ambiente más lentamente el calor acumulado durante el cambio de fase. La parafina es un compuesto orgánico que se puede impregnar en la estructura porosa de los materiales como el mortero de cemento, sin afectar a su resistencia, y tiene la capacidad de almacenar energía mediante su cambio de estado, en forma de calor latente.

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