Geosciences  

Ye Su, Wei Shao, Lukáš Vlcek and Jakub Langhammer

In forested regions, transpiration as a main component of evaporation fluxes is important for evaporation partitioning. Physiological behaviours among various vegetation species are quite different. Thus, an accurate estimation of the transpiration rate f... see more

Pawel Burdziakowski and Pawel Tysiac

The paper addresses the fields of combined close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning in the light of ship modelling. The authors pointed out precision and measurement accuracy due to their possible complex application for ship hulls invent... see more

Karin Moelling and Felix Broecker

The search for extraterrestrial life, recently fueled by the discovery of exoplanets, requires defined biosignatures. Current biomarkers include those of extremophilic organisms, typically archaea. Yet these cellular organisms are highly complex, which ma... see more

Simonetta Cola, Luca Schenato, Lorenzo Brezzi, Francine Chantal Tchamaleu Pangop, Luca Palmieri and Alberto Bisson

Composite anchors are special passive sub-horizontal reinforcements recently developed for remediation of unstable slopes. They are composed of a hollow steel bar, installed by a self-drilling technique in the soil, coupled with tendons cemented in the in... see more

Carlos Antunes, Carolina Rocha and Cristina Catita

Portugal’s mainland has hundreds of thousands of people living in the Atlantic coastal zone, with numerous high economic value activities and a high number of infrastructures that must be adapted and protected from natural coastal hazards, namely, extreme... see more

Diego Corrochano and Alejandro Gómez-Gonçalves

This paper analyzes the impact of fieldwork on the development of students’ mental models concerning glaciers and their effects on the landscape. Data were collected by means of an open-ended questionnaire that was administered to 279 pre-service teachers... see more

Gustav Kågesten, Dario Fiorentino, Finn Baumgartner and Lovisa Zillén

Predefined classification schemes and fixed geographic scales are often used to simplify and cost-effectively map the spatial complexity of nature. These simplifications can however limit the usefulness of the mapping effort for users who need information... see more

Mattia Marini, Giovanna Della Porta, Fabrizio Felletti, Benedetta Marcella Grasso, Marica Franzini and Vittorio Casella

Diagenesis is a key controlling factor on sandstone porosity and permeability. Understanding type, paragenetic sequence and spatial patterns of cements is thus important for assessing sandstone hydrocarbon reservoir properties. In this study Unmanned Aeri... see more

Philipp Held and Jens Schneider von Deimling

A new method for multibeam echosounder (MBES) data analysis is presented with the aim of improving habitat mapping, especially when considering submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). MBES data were acquired with 400 kHz in 1–8 m water depth with a spatial re... see more

Giulia Alessandrini, Umberta Tinivella, Michela Giustiniani, Iván de la Cruz Vargas-Cordero and Silvia Castellaro

In the last few years, interest in the offshore Chilean margin has increased rapidly due to the presence of gas hydrates. We have modelled the gas hydrate stability zone off Chilean shores (from 33° S to 46° S) using a steady state approach to evaluate th... see more

Tarmo Kall, Tõnis Oja, Karin Kollo and Aive Liibusk

The aim of this study was to estimate the noise properties, velocities, and their uncertainties from a time-series of selected (~9 years long) Estonian continuously operating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations. Two software packages based ... see more

Alexey Maslakov, Natalia Shabanova, Dmitry Zamolodchikov, Vasili Volobuev and Gleb Kraev

Permafrost degradation caused by contemporary climate change significantly affects arctic regions. Active layer thickening combined with the thaw subsidence of ice-rich sediments leads to irreversible transformation of permafrost conditions and activation... see more

Elizabeth A. Pendleton, Edward M. Sweeney and Laura L. Brothers

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have collected approximately 5400 km2 of geophysical and hydrographic data on the Atlantic continental shelf between Delaware and Virginia over the past decade an... see more

Mariana Ribas-Ribas, Gianna Battaglia, Matthew P. Humphreys and Oliver Wurl

Carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere (FCO2) are commonly computed from differences between their partial pressures of CO2 (?pCO2) and the gas transfer velocity (k). Commonly used wind-based parameterizations for k imply a zero inte... see more

Marco Scarsi, Laura Crispini, Cristina Malatesta, Chiara Spagnolo and Giovanni Capponi

The aim of this work is to present a new georeferenced geological map of an area in the Ligurian Western Alps (Lavagnina Lakes area) that includes both a unique geodiversity and great biodiversity, a peculiar geological heritage, and cultural features. Th... see more

Zorigt Tumurbaatar, Hiroyuki Miura and Tsoggerel Tsamba

Due to the population growth and urban sprawl in Ulaanbaatar city (UB), Mongolia, hazard and risk analysis for future earthquakes have become an important issue for disaster mitigation planning. Evaluation of a site effect is one of the essential parts of... see more

Lewis J. Conway and Andreas Hermann

Methane and other hydrocarbons are major components of the mantle regions of icy planets. Several recent computational studies have investigated the high-pressure behaviour of specific hydrocarbons. To develop a global picture of hydrocarbon stability, to... see more

Giuseppina Brigandì and Giuseppe T. Aronica

The aim of this paper is to present a stochastic model to generate sub-hourly rainfall events at a given point. Historical events used as the input have been extracted by the sub-hourly rainfall series available for a defined rain gauge station based on a... see more

Pierre Rochette, Natalia S. Bezaeva, Andrei Kosterov, Jérôme Gattacceca, Victor L. Masaitis, Dmitry D. Badyukov, Gabriele Giuli, Giovani Orazio Lepore and Pierre Beck

High velocity impacts produce melts that solidify as ejected or in-situ glasses. We provide a review of their peculiar magnetic properties, as well as a new detailed study of four glasses from Siberia: El’gygytgyn, Popigai, urengoites, and South-Ural glas... see more

Nadia Mohammadi, Christopher R. M. McFarlane and David R. Lentz

A combination of in situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA ICP–MS) analyses guided by Scanning Electron Microscope–Back-Scattered Electron imaging (SEM–BSE) was applied to hydrothermal monazite from greisen veins of the Late ... see more

Yi Liu, Jiang Li and Zheng N. Fang

As much as 3.05 m of land subsidence was observed in 1979 in the Houston-Galveston region as a result primarily of inelastic compaction of aquitards in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers between 1937 and 1979. The preconsolidation pressure heads for aquit... see more

Ciro Ricco, Simona Petrosino, Ida Aquino, Carlo Del Gaudio and Mariarosaria Falanga

In the present paper, we analyse ground tilt and seismicity at Campi Flegrei caldera and Ischia Island, two volcanic areas located in the south of Italy. These areas have been well studied for many years from a petrological, volcanological and geophysical... see more

Caitlin J. Tran, Omar E. Mora, Jessica V. Fayne and M. Gabriela Lenzano

Landslides are natural disasters that cause extensive environmental, infrastructure and socioeconomic damage worldwide. Since they are difficult to identify, it is imperative to evaluate innovative approaches to detect early-warning signs and assess their... see more

Khalid Oubennaceur, Karem Chokmani, Miroslav Nastev, Yves Gauthier, Jimmy Poulin, Marion Tanguy, Sebastien Raymond and Rachid Lhissou

A new method for sensitivity analysis of water depths is presented based on a two-dimensional hydraulic model as a convenient and cost-effective alternative to Monte Carlo simulations. The method involves perturbation of the probability distribution of in... see more

Igor Ružic, Sanja Dugonjic Jovancevic, Cedomir Benac and Nino Krvavica

This study presents a vulnerability assessment methodology that was developed to analyze the Croatian Eastern Adriatic Coast (CEAC), which has extremely complex geomorphology. Local coastal retreat, slope instability phenomena, and the influence of marine... see more

Amanda Martino, Matthew E. Rhodes, Rosa León-Zayas, Isabella E. Valente, Jennifer F. Biddle and Christopher H. House

The exploration of the deep biosphere continues to reveal a great diversity of microorganisms, many of which remain poorly understood. This study provides a first look at the microbial community composition of the Costa Rica Margin sub-seafloor from two s... see more

Elissavet Dotsika and Georgios Diamantopoulos

In this paper, we study d15N enrichment as an indicator not only of marine protein diet, but also of climate change. The slope of the variation of d15N with precipitation was calculated equal to 0.38/100 mm of precipitation for Greek plants, 0.38/100 mm o... see more

Rune Michaelis, H. Christian Hass, Svenja Papenmeier and Karen H. Wiltshire

Stony grounds form important habitats in the marine environment, especially for sessile benthic organisms. For the purpose of habitat demarcation and monitoring, knowledge of the position and abundance of individual stones is necessary. This is especially... see more

Silvio Coda, Pierluigi Confuorto, Pantaleone De Vita, Diego Di Martire and Vincenzo Allocca

Aquifer mismanagement is a common anthropogenic cause of subsidence and uplift phenomena in alluvial plains, representing one of the main natural hazards in urban areas due to related damage to urban structures and infrastructures. In this work, the groun... see more

Charikleia Gournia, Elias Fakiris, Maria Geraga, David P. Williams and George Papatheodorou

Bottom trawl footprints are a prominent environmental impact of deep-sea fishery that was revealed through the evolution of underwater remote sensing technologies. Image processing techniques have been widely applied in acoustic remote sensing, but accura... see more

Elena Benvenuti and Giulia Maurillo

The study of the seismogenic mechanical effects induced by oil & gas activities is a socially impacting issue of environmental engineering as well as a challenging task in computational geomechanics. It requires the solution of a coupled problem gover... see more

S. Hadi Shamsnia, Mohsen Soltanpour, Majid Bavandpour and Carlo Gualtieri

The interactions between free surface waves and layers of cohesive sediments including wave height attenuation and mud movement are of great importance in coastal and marine engineering. In this study, the results from a new analytical model were compared... see more

Ismael M. Ibraheem, Menna Haggag and Bülent Tezkan

The present study was designed to give a clear and comprehensive understanding of the structural situation in the Sohag region and surrounding area by applying several edge detectors to aeromagnetic data. In this research, the International Geomagnetic Re... see more

Leonello Serva

This brief note aims to describe the history, from its early original idea, of the new macroseismic scale: The Environmental Seismic Intensity Scale 2007 (ESI 2007). It can be used together with other existing scales or alone when needed for measuring the... see more

Huiling Hu and Bilal M. Ayyub

Climate change is one of the prominent factors that causes an increased severity of extreme precipitation which, in turn, has a huge impact on drainage systems by means of flooding. Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves play an essential role in desig... see more

Daniela Raccanello, Giada Vicentini and Roberto Burro

Natural disasters have a potential highly traumatic impact on psychological functioning. This is notably true for children, whose vulnerability depends on their level of cognitive and emotional development. Before formal schooling, children possess all th... see more

Nirajan Dhakal

Almost every year, north Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) are responsible for significant socioeconomic losses across the Mid-Atlantic USA. However, the extent to which TC activity contributes to the changes in the probability distributions of the extreme... see more

Phillip Kreye, Marlene Gelleszun, Manickam Somasundaram and Günter Meon

Soil water simulations on hydrological meso- or macroscale require parameters that describe the physical characteristics of the soil. At these scales, information regarding soil properties is mostly only available on very coarse spatial resolutions with t... see more

Antonio Monterroso-Checa

The National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN) carried out a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) flight for the entire region of Andalusia between 2013 and 2014, which completed the general LiDAR acquisitions obtained for all of Spain since 2010. Recent... see more

Julian J. Zemke, Michel Enderling, Alexander Klein and Marc Skubski

This study discusses the influence of soil compaction on runoff generation with a special focus on forested Andosol sites. Because of their typical soil physical characteristics (low bulk density, high pore volumes) and the existent land use, these areas ... see more

Ascanio Rosi, Vanessa Canavesi, Samuele Segoni, Tulius Dias Nery, Filippo Catani and Nicola Casagli

In 2011 Brazil experienced the worst disaster in the country’s history. There were 918 deaths and thousands made homeless in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro State due to several landslides triggered by heavy rainfalls. This area constantly suffer... see more

Mikael Tillberg, Magnus Ivarsson, Henrik Drake, Martin J. Whitehouse, Ellen Kooijman and Melanie Schmitt

Impact-generated hydrothermal systems have been suggested as favourable environments for deep microbial ecosystems on Earth, and possibly beyond. Fossil evidence from a handful of impact craters worldwide have been used to support this notion. However, as... see more

Tomislav Malvic, Josip Ivšinovic, Josipa Velic and Rajna Rajic

The interpolation of small datasets is challenging problem regarding the selection of interpolation methods and type of datasets. Here, for such analysis, the analysed data was taken in two hydrocarbon fields (“A” and “B”), located in the western part of ... see more

S. Manikandan, S. Chidambaram, M. V. Prasanna and Rakesh Roshan Ganayat

The area chosen for study, Krishnagiri district, has a hard rock terrain and the aquifers located there are sparsely recharged by limited rainfall. The study area has a complex geology with hard rock aquifers. To have an overall view of the trace metals c... see more

Hussein Hoteit, Marwan Fahs and Mohamad Reza Soltanian

Depleted gas reservoirs are appealing targets for carbon dioxide (CO2" role="presentation">22 2 ) sequestration because of their storage capacity, proven seal, reservoir characterization knowledge, existing infrastructure, and potential for enhanced gas r... see more

Viorica Nagavciuc, Carmen-Andreea Badalu?a and Monica Ionita

The aim of this study is to investigate the stable isotope composition of precipitation and river water from the northeastern part of Romania. For this study, we collected monthly samples (for variable periods of time) of precipitation from six stations, ... see more

Gayaz Khakimzyanov, Denys Dutykh, Dimitrios Mitsotakis and Nina Yu. Shokina

In the present article, we describe a few simple and efficient finite volume type schemes on moving grids in one spatial dimension combined with an appropriate predictor–corrector method to achieve higher resolutions. The underlying finite volume scheme i... see more

Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Veettil and Ulrich Kamp

This article reviews the current status of tropical glaciers in the South American Andes, East Africa, and Australasia by shedding light on past, present, and future glacier coverage in the tropics, the influence of global and regional climates on the tro... see more

Soichiro Tanaka, Hideo Tsuru, Kazuaki Someno and Yasushi Yamaguchi

Hydrothermal alteration minerals, which are important as indicators in the exploration of ore deposits, exhibit diagnostic absorption peaks in the short-wavelength infrared region. We propose an approach for the identification of alteration minerals that ... see more

Francis J. Sousa

Bedrock (U-Th)/He data reveal an Eocene exhumation difference greater than four kilometers athwart Owens Valley, California near the Alabama Hills. This difference is localized at the eastern fault-bound edge of the valley between the Owens Valley Fault a... see more

Marcelo Ketzer, Daniel Praeg, Maria A.G. Pivel, Adolpho H. Augustin, Luiz F. Rodrigues, Adriano R. Viana and José A. Cupertino

Gas hydrate provinces occur in two sedimentary basins along Brazil’s continental margin: (1) The Rio Grande Cone in the southeast, and (2) the Amazon deep-sea fan in the equatorial region. The occurrence of gas hydrates in these depocenters was first dete... see more

Chris J.H. King

The question in the title was addressed by dividing the elements of geoscience fieldwork into eight different strands and then subdividing these into different items addressed during fieldwork. Separate small groups of experienced geoscience educators (ma... see more