ARTICLE
TITLE

Gamma radiation phytosanitary treatment against Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

SUMMARY

In Argentina the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the 2 main whitefly pest species affecting several fruit and vegetable crops. Both adults and immature stages (nymphs) are presently feeding on many commercial crops, and a single live insect can cause regulatory actions by importing countries. Irradiation is a promising postharvest phytosanitary treatment that is steadily increasing in use worldwide. Cobalt-60 gamma-ray target doses of 30, 60, 90 and 120 Gy were used to determine the effect on irradiated eggs, 2nd instars and late pupae. The late pupa was the stage most tolerant to irradiation. Based on probit and logit analysis of the data obtained using at least 30,000 late pupae, the estimated doses to provide 99.9968% prevention of adult emergence from irradiated pupae were 170 and 222 Gy. Moreover, when late pupae (2 replicates totaling 33,625) were irradiated with a target dose of 100 Gy (maximum absorbed dose of 108 Gy) only 1,146 (3.4%) emerged as normal-looking adults, and they did not lay any eggs. Egg laying and hatch in the non-irradiated controls was normal. Therefore, 108 Gy should guarantee a secure phytosanitary treatment against T. vaporariorum. ResumenEn Argentina, la mosca blanca de los invernaderos, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), es una de las dos principales especies de moscas blancas plagas que afectan a numerosos cultivos de frutas y hortalizas. Tanto los adultos como las etapas inmaduras (ninfas) de T. vaporariorum están presentes alimentándose en numerosos cultivos comerciales y la sola presencia de un insecto vivo puede causar acciones reguladoras por parte de los países importadores. La irradiación es un tratamiento fitosanitario pos-cosecha prometedor a nivel mundial puesto que su uso está en continuo aumento. Actualmente, tratamientos fitosanitarios genéricos son propuestos y desarrollados utilizando miles de individuos para una amplia gama de plagas a fin de impedir su reproducción. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio se llevó a cabo utilizando, al menos, 30.000 pupas tardías de T. vaporariorum para proponer una dosis genérica de tratamiento cuarentenario seguro sobre los productos infestados por la mosca blanca de los invernaderos. Dosis de 30, 60, 90 y 120 Gy, mediante el empleo de una fuente de Cobalto 60, se utilizaron para irradiar huevos, ninfas de segundo estadio y pupas tardías a fin de determinar el efecto de la irradiación sobre los mismos. Las pupas tardías fueron el estadio más tolerante a la radiación gamma. Basándose en los análisis de probit y logit, respectivamente, las dosis estimadas para alcanzar 99.9968% de prevención en la emergencia de adultos de pupas irradiadas fueron 170 y 222 Gy. Además, cuando pupas en un estado de desarrollo avanzado (2 replicas totalizando 33,625) fueron irradiadas con una dosis objetivo de 100 Gy (máxima dosis absorbida de 108 Gy), solo 1,146 (3.4%) emergieron como adultos aparentemente normales los cuales no depositaron huevos. La oviposición y eclosión en los controles no-irradiados fue normal. Por consiguiente, 108 Gy garantizaría un tratamiento fitosanitario seguro contra T. vaporariorum.

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