ARTICLE
TITLE

Efficiency of sampling to determine population size of Cyrtobagous salviniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

SUMMARY

Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell (Salviniales: Salviniaceae), a small floating fern introduced from South America, is causing an increasing number of problems in the US. Increased reliance on the biocontrol agent, Cyrtobagous salviniae, in the US is becoming more commonplace and several mass-rearing facilities have been developed. Because of differences in sampling protocols including sample size, reporting parameters, and numbers released, an investigation into sampling efficiency was initiated. A small pond in southern Louisiana was sampled in an effort to understand what constitutes an adequate sample size and methodologies needed to estimate numbers of weevils. A clumped distribution in the pond was identified, which required a large number of samples to be taken to minimize differences in means and variation. When randomly selecting 10 sets of samples where n = 5 for Sep, means varied from a high of 280 weevils/m2 to a low of only 50 weevils /m2, a difference of nearly 6-fold. However, when randomly selecting 10 sets of samples where n = 20, means were much more consistent and varied from a high of approximately 250 weevils/m2 to a low of 125 weevils/m2, a difference of only 2-fold. Sampling is expensive and to gain the most information based on the number of samples taken it is recommended that 1) the confidence interval be reported, especially when releasing weevils based on an estimation of population size; 2) understand spatial distribution and sample accordingly; and 3) when possible, initiate pilot sampling programs to acquire prior information on sampling biases, sampling errors, and differences in distribution. Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell (Salviniales: Salviniaceae), un pequeño helecho flotante introducido de América del Sur, está causando un incremento en el número de problemas en los EE.UU. Un aumento en el uso confiable del agente de biocontrol, Cyrtobagous salviniae, es cada vez más común y varias instalaciones de producción masiva se han desarrollado. Debido a las diferencias en los protocolos de muestreo, incluyendo el tamaño de la muestra, los parámetros de reportados y cifras publicadas, se inició una investigación sobre la eficiencia del muestreo. Se tomaron muestras de una pequeña laguna en el sur de Louisiana en un esfuerzo por entender lo que constituye un tamaño adecuado de muestra y metodologías necesarios para estimar el número de gorgojos. Una distribución agrupada en la laguna fue identificada la cual necesitó la toma de un número grande de muestras para mínimizar las diferencias en los promedios y la variación. Al seleccionar al azar 10 grupos de muestras en donde n = 5 para Sep, el promedio varió de un máximo de 280 gorgojos/m2 a un mínimo de sólo 50 gorgojos/m2, una diferencia de casi 6 veces. Sin embargo, al seleccionar al azar 10 grupos de muestras en donde n = 20, el promedio fue mucho más consistente y varió desde un máximo de aproximadamente 250 gorgojos/m2 a un mínimo de 125 gorgojos/m2, una diferencia de sólo 2 veces. El muestreo es costoso y para sacar la mayoría de la información basada en el número de muestras tomadas se recomienda que: 1) se reporte el intervalo de confianza, especialmente cuando se liberan los gorgojos en base a una estimación del tamaño de la población, 2) entender la distribución espacial y mostrar en correspondencia y 3) cuando sea posible, iniciar programas pilotos de muestreo para adquirir información previa sobre los sesgos de muestreo, errores de muestreo y las diferencias en la distribución. View this article in BioOne

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