ARTICLE
TITLE

Gamma radiation phytosanitary treatment for Hemiberlesia lataniae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

SUMMARY

The latania scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a cosmopolitan and highly polyphagous species present on various hosts of economic importance. As with other scales, H. lataniae is quarantined by importing countries and a single viable insect can cause regulatory action. Ionizing irradiation is a promising phytosanitary treatment that is increasingly used worldwide. This study was conducted to determine a dose of radiation that would serve as a phytosanitary treatment for commodities at risk of carrying H. lataniae. Cobalt-60 gamma ray target doses of 50, 100, 150, and 200 Gy were used to irradiate immature and adult stages of H. lataniae infesting fruits of butternut squash, Cucurbita moschata Duschesne ex Lam (Cucurbitales: Curcubitaceae). Tolerance to irradiation in H. lataniae as measured by mortality was found to increase progressively as follows: first instars < second instars < adults. Adult females irradiated with a target dose of 200 Gy failed to produce offspring beyond the egg stage. Large scale tests involving a total of 31,877 female adults showed that a dose of 209 Gy (the highest dose measured when the target dose was 200 Gy) can serve as a phytosanitary treatment against H. lataniae. These results also support a generic dose of 250 Gy for all scale insects. ResumenLa escama latania, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) es una especie cosmopolita y altamente polífaga presente en varios huéspedes de importancia económica. Así como otras escamas, H. lataniae es una especie cuarentenaria por parte de los países importadores y un solo insecto vivo ocasiona restricciones cuarentenarias. La radiación ionizante es un tratamiento fitosanitario prometedor, y que actualmente es utilizado en varios países. Por ello, el presente estudio se realizó para determinar el estado más tolerante para la irradiación e impedir la reproducción de H. lataniae para garantizar un tratamiento cuarentenario seguro. Dosis de 50, 100, 150 y 200 Gy, mediante el empleo de una fuente de Cobalto 60, se utilizaron para irradiar estados inmaduros y adultos de H. lataniae criados sobre zapallo coreanito, Cucurbita moschata Duschesne ex Lam (Cucurbitales: Curcubitaceae), con la finalidad de determinar el estado más tolerante y el rango de dosis óptimas para garantizar un tratamiento cuarentenario seguro. El patrón de la tolerancia a la irradiación en H. lataniae fue primer estadio < segundo estadio < adulto. Ninguna hembra adulta viva produjo descendencia a 200 Gy. La prueba a gran escala sobre 31.877 hembras adultas irradiadas demostró que la dosis de 200 Gy es suficiente para garantizar un tratamiento fitosanitario seguro sobre la escama lataniae. Estos resultados sostienen una dosis genérica de 250 Gy para escamas.

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