ARTICLE
TITLE

The reflections of migration and migrant facts in German historyGöç ve göçmen olgularinin Alman tarihindeki yansimalari

SUMMARY

After the Second World War in Germany, guest worker migrations came into question. In recent years, the refugee problem in Europe in general and Germany in particular has been attracting attention. However, German history has a much richer content in terms of migration and migrant types. It is possible to say that the content of migration varies according to factors such as the way of migration, the duration of stay in the target country, and distance. Meanwhile, the definition of migrant is also classified in relation to religious, political, national or ethnic identities. This study traces the migration and migrant facts in German history since the Middle Ages. Although Germany received a high rate of migration, until recently it has not called itself as a migration country. Despite that, this paper aims to show that Germany was not independent from the types of migration and migrants also in the past. Therefore, the reflections of migration and migrant facts in German history are researched. In this article, the literature review is done and the data are descriptively analysed. In the Middle Ages, the mobility of the nobility, clergy, students and merchants attracts attention. Forced migration and immigration to America and the impact of industrialization on migration are other important issues. The types of migration and migrants that gained importance during and after the First World War include diversity. Millions of refugees created by the Second World War, guest worker migrations with international treaties after the war, ethnic Germans’ remigration after the Cold War, and the current refugee problem are important reflections in German history related to migration and migrant facts.?Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetAlmanya’da Ikinci Dünya Savasi’ndan sonra misafir isçi göçleri gündeme gelmistir. Yakin zamanda ise genel olarak Avrupa, özel olarak Almanya’da mülteci sorunu dikkat çekmektedir. Bununla birlikte Alman tarihi, göç ve göçmen türleri açisindan çok daha zengin bir içerige sahiptir. Göçün içeriginin göç etme biçimi, hedef ülkede kalis süresi, mesafe gibi faktörlere göre degistigini söylemek mümkündür. Buna paralel olarak göçmen tanimi da dini, siyasi, ulusal veya etnik kimliklerle iliskili olarak siniflandirilir. Bu çalisma, Ortaçag’dan günümüze kadar Alman tarihinde göç ve göçmen olgularinin izi sürmektedir. Almanya, yüksek oranda göç almasina ragmen, yakin zamana kadar kendisini bir göç ülkesi olarak adlandirmamistir. Bununla birlikte, bu çalisma Almanya’nin, geçmiste de göçlerden ve göçmenlerden bagimsiz olmadigini göstermeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu nedenle, göç ve göçmen olgularinin Alman tarihindeki yansimalari incelenmistir. Bu çalismada literatür taramasi yapilarak veriler betimsel analize tabi tutulmustur. Ortaçag’da soylularin, din adamlarinin, ögrencilerin ve tüccarlarin hareketliligi dikkat çekmektedir. Zorunlu göçler ve Amerika’ya yönelen göçler ile sanayilesmenin göçe etkisi önem tasiyan diger konulardir. Birinci Dünya Savasi ve sonrasinda öne çikan göç türleri ve göçmenlik hâlleri çesitlilik içermektedir. Ikinci Dünya Savasi’nin yarattigi milyonlarca mülteci, savas sonrasinda uluslararasi anlasmalarla gerçeklesen misafir isçi göçleri, Soguk Savas sonrasinda etnik Almanlarin geri göçü ve günümüz mülteci sorunu, göç ve göçmen olgularinin Alman tarihindeki önemli yansimalaridir.

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