ARTICLE
TITLE

Markets need not be Perfect: Competition Policy and Market Structure Analysis in the Global South / Mercados não têm que ser perfeitos: política da concorrência e análise de estrutura de Mercado no Sul global

SUMMARY

DOI: 10.12957/dep.2016.26510Abstract This article explores alternatives to the proscribed ideal of perfect competition and allocative efficiency that are more suitable to countries in the Global South. Seeking perfect competition in order to realize allocative efficiency is not only an unsuitable guide for competition enforcement in countries in the Global South, but it also leads to an undesirable competition policy. An alternative competition policy seeking dynamic efficiency, innovation and growth is proposed to replace the static ideal of allocative efficiency. Under this proposed alternative the ideal market structure, necessary to realize these goals, is no longer confined to perfect competition, but is one that strikes a balance between competition and concentration. Under this alternative, the concentrated enterprises are considered beneficial for society as they can innovate, spend on R&D, and in the long run can reduce their cost functions to allow for even lower prices than those prevailing in perfectly competitive markets. This proposal relies on a redistributive mechanism that is integral to the pursuit and realization of this alternative policy and market structure. With redistribution pursed within the implementation of this alternative, the background rules of competition law are thereby changed. Support for this proposed alternative, where competition policy and market structure analysis deviate from the dominant discourse, is drawn from historical evidence, empirical studies and progressive economic thought. Keywords: market structure analysis; competition law; global South. Resumo O artigo explora alternativas ao ideal de concorrência perfeita e eficiência alocativa mais adequadas aos países do Sul global. A busca pela concorrência perfeita como meio para realizar a eficiência alocativa não é apenas um guia inadequado para a aplicação do direito concorrencial em países do Sul global, mas também leva a uma política concorrencial indesejável. Como substituta ao ideal estático de eficiência alocativa, propõe-se uma política concorrencial alternativa, que busque a eficiência dinâmica, a inovação e o crescimento. Sob essa proposta, a estrutura de mercado ideal, necessária para atingir esses objetivos, não está confinada à concorrência perfeita, mas se abre ao equilíbrio entre concorrência e concentração. Nesta alternativa, as empresas concentradas são consideradas benéficas à sociedade na medida em que são capazes de inovar, investir em pesquisa e desenvolvimento e, no longo prazo, reduzir seus custos, permitindo que preços menores do que aqueles que existiriam em mercados competitivos sejam praticados. Esta proposta se baseia em um mecanismo redistributivo que é essencial à busca e realização de tal alternativa de política e estrutura de mercado. Com a redistribuição sendo perseguida na implementação dessa alternativa, as regras de base do direito da concorrência são transformadas. Suporte para a alternativa proposta, em que a política concorrencial e a análise da estrutura de mercado desviam do discurso dominante, é retirado de evidências históricas, estudos empíricos e do pensamento econômico progressista. Palavras-chave: análise de estrutura de mercado; direito da concorrência; Sul global.

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