ARTICLE
TITLE

The effect of cultural distance on sociocultural adaptation and academic performance of international studentsKültürel mesafenin uluslararasi ögrencilerin sosyokültürel adaptasyonlarina ve akademik basarilarina etkisi

SUMMARY

Living in a foreign environment is a compelling experience for sojourners. A person’s ability to function effectively in a new society depends on his or her cultural adaptation. In their 1990 study on Singaporean and Malaysian students studying in Malaysia, Ward and Searle claimed that cultural adaptation consists of 2 separate dimesions, namely psychological and sociocultural adaptation. According to the researchers, one of the key factors affecting the sociocultural adaptation of an individual is cultural distance. According to Ward and Searle, the more distant the two cultures are, the more difficult is the person’s socio-cultural adaptation. Other studies in the field have also shown that perceieved cultural distance is just as important as real cultural distance. Students, an important group of sojourners whose numbers have been rising both in the world and in Turkey, are also affected by cultural distance. Cultural distance between the homeland and the country in which the international students are studying is thought to have an adverse effect on the foreign students’ socio-cultural adaptation. Cultural distance is also thought to affect negatively international students’ academic success by hindering their cultural adaptation. Dutch researcher Hofstede’s studies, which concretise cultural distance, have divided societies into 4 dimensions. According to the researcher, because different societies have different roles for teachers and students, students studying in a country that has different cultural dimensions than their own will have problems. Teachers may improve their student’s adaptation and academic performance by acknowledging the cultural dimensions of the students’ homelands and designing lesson plans accordingly. ÖzetAlisik olmadiklari yabanci bir kültürde yasamak kültürel geçis yapan bireyler için zorlayici bir deneyimdir. Bireyin yeni toplumda etkin bir sekilde var olabilmesi yeni kültüre kültürel adaptasyonuna baglidir. 1990 yilinda Malezya’da egitim gören Singapurlu ve Malezyali ögrenciler ile ilgili yaptiklari çalismalarinda Ward ve Searle kültürel adaptasyonun psikolojik ve sosyokültürel olmak üzere 2 boyuttan meydana geldigini iddia etmislerdir. Arastirmacilara göre kisinin yeni toplumdaki sosyal olarak uyum saglamasi anlamina gelen sosyokültürel adaptasyonunu etkileyen faktörlerden bir tanesi de kültürel mesafedir. Arastirmacilara göre, kisinin geldigi toplumla, girdigi toplum arasindaki kültürel mesafe ne kadar çoksa bireyin sosyokültürel adaptasyonu o ölçüde zor olmaktadir. Alanda yapilan diger arastirmalar da sadece görülen kültürel mesafenin degil, ayni zamanda bireyin algiladigi kültürel mesafenin de en az gerçek kültürel mesafe kadar önemli oldugunu göstermistir. Kültürlerarasi geçis yapan gruplar içinde önemli bir yere sahip, son yillarda dünyada ve ülkemizde sayilari önemli ölçüde artan uluslararasi ögrenciler de kültürel mesafeden etkilenmektedirler. Yabanci ülkelerden gelen uluslararasi ögrencilerin geldikleri toplumlarin, egitim aldiklari topluma olan kültürel uzakliginin, ögrencilerin sosyokültürel uyumlarinin üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip oldugu düsünülmektedir. Kültürel mesafe ayni zamanda ögrencilerin sosyokültürel olarak uyumlarini zorlastirip, dolayli olarak akademik basarilarini da düsürebilmektedir. Kültürel mesafeyi somutlastiran Hollandali arastirmaci Hofstede’nin çalismalari toplumlari 4 boyuta ayirmis ve toplumlarin sahip olduklari kültürel boyutlarin sinif içindeki etkisini arastirmistir. Arastirmaciya göre, toplumlarin ögretmen ve ögrencilere yükledigi roller farklilik gösterdiginden, kendi kültürlerinden farkli bir kültürel boyuta sahip bir topluma giren ögrenciler, özellikle ögretmen ve ögrenci iliskisi alaninda zorluk yasacaklardir. Kültürel olarak karisik siniflarda ögrencilerin geldikleri toplumlarin kültürel boyutlarin bilinmesi ve ögretmenlerin ders isleyis sekillerini ona göre düzenlemesi, ögrencilerin egitim aldiklari topluma sosyokültürel uyumlarini ve akademik basarilarini artiracaktir.  

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