Home  /  Jurnal Litbang  /  Vol: 19 Núm: 1 Par: 0 (2023)  /  Article
ARTICLE
TITLE

Penerapan Standar dan Sertifikasi dalam Rantai Nilai Kopi: Peluang dan Kendala Bagi Petani

SUMMARY

ENGLISHSustainable standards and certification have been implemented in Indonesia for more than two decades. Although promoted as 'voluntary', standards and certification have become de facto 'requirements' for farmers to be able to access global markets. Most coffee plantations in Indonesia (about 98%) are managed by smallholders with limited participation in standards and certification. However, standards and certification programs continue to run, as well as international market demands for sustainable coffee are increasing. This research is a literature review, aiming to identify opportunities and barriers for farmers concerning the implementation of standards and certification in the coffee value chain. The research method used is a chain network approach with a business administration perspective and a public administration perspective, supported by empirical research. The results show that coffee farmers are still the most vulnerable and weakest actors in the coffee value chain. Sustainable standards and certification need to focus more on increasing the organizational capabilities of farmers and improving access to markets that balance quality and price. INDONESIAStandar dan sertifikasi berkelanjutan diimplementasikan di Indonesia sejak lebih dari dua dekade yang lalu. Walaupun dipromosikan sebagai ‘sukarela’, secara de facto standar dan sertifikasi telah menjadi suatu ‘persyaratan’ bagi petani untuk bisa mengakses pasar global. Sebagian besar perkebunan kopi di Indonesia (sekitar 98%) dikelola oleh petani kecil (smallholders) dengan tingkat partisipasi yang terbatas untuk standar dan sertifikasi. Namun demikian, program standar dan sertifikasi terus berjalan, demikian pula permintaan pasar internasional akan kopi berkelanjutan cenderung meningkat. Penelitian ini bersifat kajian literatur, bertujuan mengidentifikasi peluang dan kendala bagi petani terkait implementasi standar dan sertifikasi di rantai nilai kopi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan rantai jaringan (chain network) dengan perspektif administrasi bisnis dan perspektif administrasi publik, didukung oleh hasil-hasil penelitian empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani kopi masih menjadi pelaku yang paling rentan dan terlemah dalam rantai nilai kopi.  Standar dan sertifikasi berkelanjutan perlu lebih fokus pada peningkatan kemampuan organisasi petani dan peningkatan akses ke pasar yang menyeimbangkan antara kualitas dan harga.

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