SUMMARY
Hypernatremia has been known as a conventional electrolyte problem and is defined as a serum sodium concentration growth up to a value above 145 mmol/l. This disease is also known as a hyperosmolar condition, which is resulted from a reduction in total body water compared to the electrolyte content. Since two types of hypernatremia, including acute and chronic, exist, in the present study, we will review the available clinical approaches for the management of patients with acute and chronic hypernatremia. To this end, 68 studies having the criteria of the present review and published from 2000 were chosen and their data were extracted. The inclusion criterion was to be mainly focused on hypernatremia clinical treatment and those having side topics were excluded from the study. Acute symptomatic hypernatremia is a disease that occurs in <24 h and needs to be treated immediately. On the other hand, there is a chronic hypernatremia that occurs in a duration of more than 48 h and is required to be treated at a lower speed due to cerebral edema risks during treatment. Finally, for providing beneficial outcomes to patients, both chronic and acute hypernatremia need to be compared thoroughly and also more investigation needs to be done.