ARTICLE
TITLE

Alas Orda Dönemi Kazak Edebiyatinda Aydinlanma ve Millî Bilincin Yeniden Insasi

SUMMARY

Enlightenment and Reconstruction of National Awareness in Kazakh Literature During Alash Orda EraAbstractKazakh Turks have lived in the same geography since ancient times. This situation brings about the formation of a rich and deep-rooted tradition. Kazakh, like all other Turkish communities, was accepted as a part of the common literature and culture belonging to the Turkish world, and in particular, a Kazakh oral and written literature started to be formed, as they existed in the history scene with their own names. In Kazakh Turks, literature, which continued its existence orally until the 20th century, continued its development both verbally and in writing afterwards. Especially in the development of written literature in the last century, the identification and exploitation policies of the Russians towards Turkish communities have an important effect. Literature, which is one of the most effective tools in the formation and development of national identity, is effectively used by intellectual names against these policies carried out by the Russians. Thanks to the educational environment developed with the pressure of Russian politics aimed at eliminating Kazakh identity and culture, intellectual names which grown from the Kazakh society begin to fight against Russian politics with their pens. This intellectual movement determines ‘Alash Khan’, who is an important figure of independence and unity in the history of Kazakh Turks, as their names and slogans. Using this name and slogan, they aim to hold together the national and spiritual values that take place in the historical roots of the Kazakh people. The intellectuals of the ‘Alash Orda’ period work to build a national consciousness that can meet the needs of the era without departing from its historical roots, based on the ideas and works of art of both Eastern and Western cultures.In this article, the idea of the Alash Orda movement, which has an important place in Kazakh enlightenment, and the process of ‘Enlightenment and Reconstruction of National Awareness in Kazakh Literature during Alash Orda Period’ shaped by political and cultural stance will be discussed.Alas Orda Dönemi Kazak Edebiyatinda Aydinlanma ve Millî Bilincin Yeniden InsasiÖzKazak Türkleri tarihin eski devirlerinden beri ayni cografyada yasamlarini sürdürürler. Bu durum kendilerine ait zengin ve köklü bir gelenegin olusmasini da berberinde getirir. Kazak adi ile var olduklari döneme kadar geçen süreçte diger bütün Türk topluluklari gibi Kazaklar da Türk dünyasina ait ortak edebiyat ve kültürün bir parçasi olarak kabul görürken kendi adlari ile tarih sahnesinde var olmalari ile birlikte özelde de bir Kazak sözlü ve yazili edebiyati tesekkül etmeye baslar. Kazak Türklerinde XX. yüzyila kadar daha çok sözlü olarak varligini devam ettiren edebiyat, sonralari hem sözlü hem de yazili olarak gelisimini sürdürür. Özellikle son yüzyilda yazili edebiyatin gelismesinde Ruslarin Türk topluluklarina dönük kimliksizlestirme ve sömürme politikalarinin önemli bir etkisi olur. Milli kimligin olusup gelismesinde en etkili araçlardan biri olan edebiyat, Ruslarin yürüttügü bu politikalara karsi aydin isimler tarafindan etkin bir biçimde kullanilir. Kazak kimligini ve kültürünü ortadan kaldirmaya dönük Rus siyasetinin baskisiyla gelisen egitim ortami sayesinde Kazak toplumu içerisinden yetisen aydin isimler, Rus siyasetine karsi kalemleriyle mücadeleye baslar. Bu aydin hareketi Kazak Türklerinin tarihinde bagimsizligin ve birligin önemli bir figürü olan ‘Alas Han’i kendilerine isim ve slogan olarak belirler. Bu isim ve slogani kullanarak Kazak halkinin tarihî köklerinde yer alan millî ve manevî degerler etrafinda bir arada tutmayi hedeflerler.  ‘Alas Orda’ dönemi aydinlari hem Dogu hem de Bati kültürüne ait düsünce ve sanat eserlerinden hareketle tarihî köklerinden kopmadan çagin ihtiyaçlarina cevap verebilecek millî bir bilinç insa etmek için çalisir.Bu makalede Kazak aydinlanmasinda önemli bir yer tutan Alas Orda hareketinin ortaya koydugu fikri, siyasi, kültürel durus ile sekillenen ‘Alas Orda Dönemi Kazak Edebiyatinda Aydinlanma ve Millî Bilincin Yeniden Insasi’ süreci ele alinacaktir.

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