Home  /  Lexikos  /  Núm: Vol11 Par: 0 (2001)  /  Article
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TITLE

Foreign Words as a Problem in Standardisation / Lexicography: English and Afrikaans Loan-words in isiXhosa*

SUMMARY

Abstract: Languages are not static systems. They develop and change, add new items while others become outdated. These changes can be clearly observed in the lexicon especially. No language can afford to ignore or neglect foreign influence. Due to globalisation, especially English gains more and more influence on other (also European) languages. In developing countries, the languages of the former colonisers also still have an enormous impact on the indigenous languages. Some of these nations are slowly heading towards endogenous language policies which demands the modernisation of the technical vocabulary. This is however a costly and time-consuming process. In this regard language planners often prefer borrowing from foreign sources as a quick and therefore cheap method. The first part of this paper deals with the discussion amongst linguists, sociolinguists and lexicographers about the extent to which foreign words should be allowed in an indigenous language. The second part looks at the example of isiXhosa, one of South Africa's eleven official languages, which is strongly influenced by foreign words, especially English and Afrikaans, and shows problems and methods of the integration of foreign words into the isiXhosa grammatical structure.Keywords: FOREIGN WORDS, ISIXHOSA, ENGLISH, AFRIKAANS, BAHASA INDONESIA, RUSSIAN, ESTONIAN, GERMAN, LANGUAGE POLICY, LANGUAGE PURISM, LSP, MORPHOLOGY, SEMANTICS, PHONOLOGYZusammenfassung: Fremdwörter als Problem in der Standardisierung/Lexikographie: Englische und afrikaanse Lehnwörter in isiXhosa. Sprachen sindkeine statischen Systeme. Sie entwickeln und verändern sich, fügen neue Bestandteile hinzu,während andere veralten. Diese Vorgänge lassen sich besonders deutlich im Lexikon einer Sprachebeobachten. Keine Sprache kann es sich leisten fremde Einflüsse zu ignorieren oder zurückzuweisen.Aufgrund von Globalisation gewinnt vor allem das Englisch immer mehr Einfluss aufandere (auch europäische) Sprachen. Aber auch in Entwicklungsländern beeinflüssen die Sprachender früheren Kolonisatoren die einheimischen Sprachen überaus viel. Einige dieser Nationen bewegensich nach und nach in Richtung einer endogenen Sprachpolitik, was die Modernisierung des technischen Vokabulars dringend nötig macht. Dies is jedoch ein kosten- und zeitaufwendigesUnterfangen. Daher bevorzugen Sprachplaner oftmals die relativ schnelle und somit billige Methodeder Entlehnung aus fremden Sprachen.Der erste Teil dieses Aufsatzes behandelt die Diskussion unter Linguisten, Soziolinguistenund Lexikographen, zu welchem Anteil Fremdwörter in einer einheimischen Sprache aufgenommenwerden sollten. Der zweite Teil betrachtet das Beispiel des isiXhosa, eine von Südafrikas elfoffiziellen Sprachen und stark von Fremdwörtern, besonders Englisch und Afrikaans, beeinflusstund zeigt Probleme und Methoden der Integration von Fremdwörtern in die grammatische Strukturdes isiXhosa.Stichwörter: FREMDWÖRTER, ISIXHOSA, ENGLISCH, AFRIKAANS, BAHASA INDONESIA,RUSSISCH, ESTONISCH, DEUTSCH, SPRACHPOLITIK, SPRACHPURISMUS, FACHSPRACHEN,MORPHOLOGIE, SEMANTIK, PHONOLOGIE

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