ARTICLE
TITLE

Nitrogen fertilization sources and insecticidal activity of aqueous seeds extract of Carica papaya against Spodoptera frugiperda in maize

SUMMARY

The damage caused by the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to vegetative-stage maize cultivated with chemical nitrogen fertilizers, vermicompost, and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) seed extract was estimated. Each shoot was infested with one first instar larva of S. frugiperda. The variables measured included the percentage of germination, length of the second and fifth leaves, stem diameter and plant height, and the estimation of damage caused by S. frugiperda larvae on maize. The results indicated that vermicompost helped seed germination on a relation 3:1 from black soil and vermicompost, the emergence was 100%, while the emergence with black soil was 80%. The ammonium sulfate increased the length of the second and fifth leaves 89.6% and 160.4% respectively, augmented the stem diameter and the plant height 290.2% and 13.3% respectively, respect to water treatment. The exogenous nitrogen sources stimulate S. frugiperda to cause more damage to the plant, the treatment urea showed 70% of damage, with phosphonitrate 62.3% and with ammonium sulfate 51.8%, when were evaluated without aqueous seed extract of C. papaya. Ammonium sulfate + aqueous extract of C. papaya seeds showed the lowest insect damage to maize with 29.6%. Se estimó el daño causado por el gusano cogollero del maíz Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) durante la etapa vegetativa de maíz cultivado con fertilizantes nitrogenados químicos, vermicomposta, y extracto acuoso de semillas de Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae). Cada brote se infestó con una larva de primer instar de S. frugiperda. Las variables evaluadas incluyen el porcentaje de germinación. Las variables respuesta fueron el porcentaje de emergencia, longitud de la segunda y quinta hoja, diámetro de tallo y altura de la planta; así como la estimación de daño causado por larvas de S. frugiperda al maíz. Los resultados indicaron que la vermicomposta ayudó a la emergencia de la semilla, en una relación 3:1 de suelo con vermicomposta alcanzó 100% de emergencia, mientras que solo con suelo, la emergencia fue de 80%; el sulfato de amonio incrementó el tamaño de la segunda hoja y quinta hoja 89,6 y 160,4% respectivamente, aumentó el diámetro de tallo y la altura de la planta 290,2 y 13,3%, respecto al tratamiento donde solo se aplicó agua. Las fuentes de nitrógeno estimularon que S. frugiperda ocasionara más daño a la planta, el tratamiento con urea presentó 70% de daño, con fosfonitrato 62,3%, con sulfato de amonio fue de 51,8% sin extracto acuoso de semillas de C. papaya. El tratamiento con sulfato de amonio + extracto acuoso de semillas de C. papaya registró el menor daño del insecto al maíz con 29,6%.

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