Home  /  THE SPARK  /  Núm: Vol5 Par: 0 (2020)  /  Article
ARTICLE
TITLE

AN INVESTIGATION OF ELITE OFFICIALS'S PERCEPTION REGARDING REFEREE AND GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY IN PAKISTAN

SUMMARY

Background: The main purpose of this study was an investigation of elite official’s perception regarding referee and general self-Efficacy in Pakistan. Methods: The sample of this study was male referees (n=250) and female referees (n=47) selected from different four sports federations: Athletics male (n=67) and female (n=20), Football male (n=85) and female (n=2), Volleyball male (n=53) and female (n=20) and Hockey male (n=45) and female (n=5) from Pakistan. Referee self-Efficacy (REFS) and General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale were used to measure the variables. Results: The results of independent sample t-test revealed that there was a significant (p<0.01) difference physical fitness, game knowledge, decision making, pressure and referee self-efficacy accordingly to gender status. The ANOVA results of athletics, football, volleyball and hockey revealed that there was significant (p<0.01) difference physical fitness, pressure, communication, GSE. The results of ANOVA, (least significant difference test LSD) revealed that there was significant difference between athletics and volleyball, football and volleyball accordingly physical fitness variable. Accordingly pressure variable results revealed that there was significant difference between, football and hockey. Communication variable results revealed that there was significant (p<0.05) difference between athletics and hockey, football and volleyball, volleyball and hockey. The total score of (GSE) results revealed that there was significant (p<.05) difference between athletics and football, athletics and hockey and volleyball and hockey. The Correlation coefficients between all variables were positive and significant relationship each other. Conclusion: The results concluded that male referee and technical officials have high (mean score) of all variables than female, results also indicated that athletics technical officials have high level of referee and general self-efficacy than football, volleyball and hockey official’s.

 Articles related

Yasin Yildiz, Fatih Dinc    

Bu çalismada, Türk Milli Takimlarinin farkli branslarindaki elit sporcularin spor karakter yönelimlerinin basari motivasyonlari açisindan degerlendirilmesi amaçlanmistir. Bu çalisma için veri elde etmek için iki ölçek kullanilmistir. Sporcularin spor kar... see more


Devon Vernon Barnard, Lee Pote, Candice Christie    

Background: There is minimal research on workloads of adolescent rugby players. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the workloads placed on a cohort of South African adolescent rugby players (n = 17), during an in- season period.Method... see more


Lee Pote, Greg King, Candice Christie    

Background: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the strength and conditioning practices implemented by cricket trainers and coaches at an elite level.Methods: An online survey, adapted from previous strength and conditioning questionnaires... see more


Carlos Vinicius Herdy, Tiago Figueiredo, Gabriel Costa e Silva, Pauliana Valéria Machado Galvão, Rodrigo Gomes da Souza Vale, Roberto Simão    

Young soccer players undertake anthropometric measurements for directing the effectiveness of training programs. However, the use of the eight-electrode electrical bioimpedance method is increasingly being used for the body composition evaluation. The pu... see more

Revista: Motricidade

KM Duvenage, ST Meltzer, SA Chantler    

Background. Internationally young athletes are reported to have a poor understanding of the principles of sports nutrition and supplement use; hence their diet may be unhealthy and inappropriate for  participation in sport. There is limited research... see more