ARTICLE
TITLE

The physiological and growth response of Acacia caven under water stress and the application of different levels of biosolids

SUMMARY

Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. (Leguminosae), generally known as “espino,” is one of the most common tree species in the Mediterranean region of Chile. This species grows in nutritionally poor soils with low water availability during the summer, so it is very difficult for new seedlings to become established. To investigate the effects of water restriction and the potential benefit of the application of biosolids (sludge bio-dried to 25% moisture) on the growth of the plant, a completely random, two x three factorial design was carried out in controlled nursery conditions under two irrigation regimes (well-watered plants and controlled water restriction) and three biosolid application rates (0:100, 10:90 and 20:80) in a clay substrate. Physiological evaluations (predawn water potential, photosynthesis and gas exchange) were performed at representative times along the water restriction gradients and supplemented with measurements of growth and biomass distribution. Once plants entered the water restriction phase, those in the biosolid-treated substrate exhibited better hydration compared to plants in the untreated substrate. This was attributed to the increased organic matter content as well as to changes in the textural characteristics of the original substrate that increased its capacity to deliver water to the plants. Additionally, the application of biosolids promoted shoot and leaf growth in well-watered plants, increasing the shoot:root ratio, which could be a disadvantage under water stress.Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. (Leguminosae), generalmente conocido como “espino”, es una de las especies arbóreas más comunes en la región mediterránea de Chile. Esta especie crece en suelos nutricionalmente pobres y con una baja disponibilidad hídrica estival, que dificulta el proceso de establecimiento de nuevas plántulas. Para investigar los efectos de la restricción hídrica y el potencial benéfico de la aplicación de biosólidos (biosolido-seco a 25% de humedad) en el crecimiento de la planta, se estableció un ensayo con un diseño bifactorial completamente al azar en vivero bajo condiciones controladas. Se aplicaron dos tipos de riego (plantas bien regadas y restricción hídrica controlada) y tres dosis de aplicación de biosólidos en un sustrato arcilloso (0:100, 10:90 y 20:80). La evaluación fisiológica (potencial hídrico a pre-alba, fotosíntesis e intercambio gaseoso) fue realizada en momentos representativos del gradiente de restricción hídrica, y fue complementada con mediciones de crecimiento y distribución de biomasa. Cuando las plantas entraron en la fase de restricción hídrica, aquellas que se crecieron en un sustrato con biosólido, presentaron una mejor condición hídrica en comparación con las plantas sin biosólido. Esto se debe a un aumento en el contenido de materia orgánica y a un cambio en las características texturales del sustrato original, incrementando la capacidad para suministrar agua a las plantas. Adicionalmente, la aplicación de biosólidos promovió el crecimiento de hojas y tallos en plantas bien regadas, e incremento la relación tallo: raíz, que es una desventaja para la tolerancia al estrés hídrico. 

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