SUMMARY
Syphilis is a chronic systemic infection caused by a spirochaete T. pallidum. The diagnostic method of choice is serological tests: treponemal-specific tests and nontreponemal tests. Untreated syphilis infection in pregnant women can also be transmitted to the foetus, which can cause possible long-term consequences. In Slovenia, screening for syphilis infection in pregnant women is mandatory at the first prenatal visit. Timely diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy may prevent the majority of transmissions of the infection to the foetus. The diagnosis of congenital syphilis is made by comparing serological tests in mother and child. Management of the newborn depends on the risk of having congenital syphilis. We present a clinical case of treating a pregnant woman with a positive pregnancy screening test and a newborn with suspected congenital syphilis.