ARTICLE
TITLE

Comparative analysis of cognitive changes under the influence of exams stress in healthy and mentally retarded adolescents aged 14-16

SUMMARY

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the psychophysiological changes that occur during the impact of exam stress on healthy and mentally retarded schoolchildren aged 14-16 years. Psychological and cognitive indicators were studied. The experiments were carried out in three stages: a regular school day (control); and before and after exam. An analysis of the data obtained showed that during the exam in healthy schoolchildren psychophysiological changes occur, i.e. high level of indicators of tension (anxiety) and weakening of cognitive indicators, etc. After exam, a tendency to return these indicators to the control level was observed. Unlike healthy children, mentally retarded schoolchildren at control exam showed a high level of anxiety; cognitive performance was 35% below normal. In exam period, these indicators remained at relatively constant level. A comparative analysis of the data obtained showed that, depending on the level of mental development of schoolchildren, exam stress creates a psychoemotional state in schoolchildren and this can have a serious impact on their health.Keywords: adolescence, exam stress, emotional tension, anxiety indicators, cognitive indicators, psycho-emotional state, oligophrenics, memory, attention, depression  RESUMENEste artículo analiza los cambios psicofisiológicos que se producen durante el impacto del estrés de los exámenes en escolares sanos y con retraso mental de 14 a 16 años. Se estudiaron indicadores psicológicos y cognitivos. Los experimentos se realizaron en tres etapas: un día escolar regular (control); y antes y después del examen. Un análisis de los datos obtenidos mostró que durante el examen en escolares sanos ocurren cambios psicofisiológicos, es decir, alto nivel de indicadores de tensión (ansiedad) y debilitamiento de indicadores cognitivos, etc. Después del examen, se observó una tendencia a devolver estos indicadores al nivel de control observado. A diferencia de los niños sanos, los escolares con retraso mental en el examen de control mostraron un alto nivel de ansiedad; el rendimiento cognitivo estaba un 35% por debajo de lo normal. En el período de exámenes, estos indicadores se mantuvieron en un nivel relativamente constante. Un análisis comparativo de los datos obtenidos mostró que, dependiendo del nivel de desarrollo mental de los escolares, el estrés de los exámenes crea un estado psicoemocional en los escolares y esto puede tener un impacto grave en su salud.Palabras clave: adolescencia, estrés de exámenes, tensión emocional, indicadores de ansiedad, indicadores cognitivos, estado psicoemocional, oligofrénicos, memoria, atención, depresión

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