SUMMARY
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has recently sought to activate the role of the Central Bank or the Monetary Agency in supervising commercial banks, in addition to trying to develop the various components of the banking system to the extent that qualifies them to achieve economic development. Based on this role, the main objective of this study is to try to identify the fundamental differences between each of the commercial banks and the Central Bank, and the various mechanisms and methods of banking supervision exercised by the Central Bank on commercial banks, and to evaluate their effectiveness and the reality of their application, especially with regard to prudential control, which is the most recent The most important method of banking supervision. And the extent of the central bank's understanding of the role that commercial banks can play in society if laws encouraging them are found. In achieving its objectives, the research depends on the descriptive analytical approach, and the use of the descriptive approach in exposure to general concepts, and the analytical approach through the analysis and diagnosis of some issues related to central and commercial banks. The research has reached many results, perhaps the most important of which is that the central bank represents a manifestation of economic sovereignty, and although central banks in the world differ in terms of form and functions from one country to another, they are characterized by some general features and characteristics that make them a central hub and leader of the monetary market and a supervisor and watchdog. It is organized as the issuing bank, the bank of banks, and the government bank. It undertakes the process of managing reserves and regulating credit. It uses a set of direct and indirect tools and means to perform its functions. There is also confusion between the nature and activity of the central bank with commercial banks. Which requires clarifying the lines between each of them. The study sample also agreed that there is an effective role for central banks in formulating monetary and supervisory policy for commercial banks. Commercial banks must also abide by the supervisory tools decided by the central banks. So achieve customer confidence, and check more warranty.