ARTICLE
TITLE

Türkiye’de Sosyal Bilgiler Egitiminde Disiplinlerarasi Ögretim Yaklasiminin Tarihsel Gelisimi / Historical Development of Interdisciplinary Teaching Approaches in Social Studies Education in Turkey

SUMMARY

AbstractThe object of this study is to assess the interdisciplinary teaching approach in social studies education, based on the historical development in Turkey. In the study, the curriculum programs of the Republican period, the national education council decisions and the related tebligler journals were examined with document analysis method. The study is carried out according to qualitative research techniques. The obtained documents were subjected to content analysis. Findings based on descriptive analysis technique were discussed with local and foreign literature and specific evaluations were made and some suggestions related to social studies programs were put forward. Social studies classes in primary schools in Turkey in 1962 as the first "Society and Country Studies" are combined in a course titled. In 1968, the name "Social Studies" was adopted for this course. In middle schools, this combination was realized in 1971. In 1985, the Social Studies course was removed from the middle school and replaced by National History, National Geography, and Citizenship courses. In 1998, these lessons were combined as Social Studies, covering the 4th to 7th-grade classes. In 2005, a constructivist approach was adopted and a new social studies program was announced. However, it is observed that the subjects of different disciplines cannot be adequately related to each other in the course programs until 2005 and an interdisciplinary approach cannot be implemented sufficiently. For the first time in social studies program updated in 2018, all areas of social sciences such as history, geography, law, economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, ethnography, archeology, and psychology could be handled with an interdisciplinary approach. It is suggested that the interdisciplinary approach in the future curriculum should be determined by identifying the current problems of society.ÖzBu arastirmanin amaci Türkiye’de sosyal bilgiler egitiminde disiplinlerarasi ögretim yaklasimini tarihsel bir bakis açisi ile degerlendirmektir. Arastirmada cumhuriyet dönemindeki ögretim programlari, millî egitim sura kararlari ve ilgili tebligler dergileri doküman analizi yöntemi ile incelenmistir. Arastirma problemine yanit bulmak için amaca yönelik doküman analizi yöntemi kullanilmistir. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili literatür isiginda tartisilarak güncel ögretim programlarina iliskin bazi öneriler gelistirilmistir. Türkiye’de ilkokul düzeyinde ilk disiplinlerarasi müfredat girisimi 1962 yilinda tarih, cografya ve yurttaslik bilgisi derslerinin Toplum ve Ülke Incelemeleri adli bir ders ile birlestirilmesi ile baslamistir. 1968 yilinda bu dersin adi Sosyal Bilgiler olarak degistirilmistir. Ortaokullarda ise bu birlestirme 1971 programi ile gerçeklestirilmistir. 1985 yilinda ortaokul düzeyinde sosyal bilgiler dersi programdan kaldirilmis, yerine Millî Tarih, Millî Cografya ve Vatandaslik Bilgisi dersleri getirilmistir. 1998 yilinda Sosyal Bilgiler dersleri programa tekrar konulmus ve 4. Siniftan baslayarak 7. Sinif dahil ögretim kademelerinde okutulmustur. 2005 yilinda ise yapilandirmaciligin etkisiyle ilkokuldan üniversiteye kadar tüm programlarda bir güncelleme faaliyeti baslamis ve bu kapsamda Sosyal Bilgiler ögretim programi da yenilenmistir. Bu süreç ayni zamanda disiplinler arasi ögretim açisindan bir dönüm noktasi olmustur. 2005 yili öncesindeki ögretim programlarinda da disiplinler arasi ögretime zaman zaman kuvvetli vurgu yapilmis olmasina ragmen gerek program gelistirme sürecinde gerekse uygulamada disipliner yaklasimin çok daha baskin oldugu görülmektedir. 2005 yili itibariyle ögretim programlarinda ünite ve konu bazli program yaklasimi yerine ögrenme alani ve kazanim ekseninde ögretim programlari ele alinmis ve disiplinler arasi bir yaklasim ile programlar hazirlanmistir. Hali hazirda Türkiye’deki güncel sosyal bilgiler programlarinda Tarih, Cografya, Sosyoloji, Ekonomi, Hukuk, Etnografya, Arkeoloji, Psikoloji ve Siyaset Bilimi gibi sosyal bilimlerin çok farkli alanlarindan elde edilen bilgiler disiplinler arasi, bütünlesik bir yaklasimla ele alinmistir. Ancak disiplinler arasi ögretiminin sürdürülebilmesi için ülkenin toplumsal sorunlarinin belirlenmesi, bu sorunlarin bir öncelik sirasina konulmasi, toplumun tüm kesimleri ile tartisilmasi ve de en önemlisi program gelistirme sürecine imkânlar çerçevesince tüm paydaslarinin dâhil edilmesi gerekir.

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