ARTICLE
TITLE

Military Service in the construction of manhoodErkekligin kurgulanmasinda Askerlik Hizmeti

SUMMARY

The existence of subjects in a society is accepted in groups formed on the basis of gender and in communities and thus gains meaning. We have heard the statement “does a manly man do such a thing?” so many times when a man displays behaviour outside the gender roles described for men in the practice of social structure. It is necessary to look at the components constituting manliness and to examine the behavioural practices with which those components are related so as to understand the status called manliness. The functionality of military service remains constantly dynamic in Turkey due to its political and socio-cultural effects. Military service is influential in social organisation both as political and social power in the formation of the mechanism for manliness. Military service, which is institutionalised in accordance with the needs of political organisation, has gained sacredness in a various discourse, practices and in collective memory. In consequence of its sacredness, it has gained new meanings and it has become a determinant in the life of men.   This study found that military service had great impacts in the formation of the mechanism for manliness. Sacredness attributed to military service especially in rural areas has strengthened the impact and caused men to see military service as the turning point of their life. Consequently, military service has gone beyond being a civic duty and become a social duty.   The author of this article agrees with the argument that military organisation is one of the dynamics forming the foundation in building men’s social gender roles. In this context, the cultural codes of manliness should be searched in “military service”.  This study uses the method of autoethnography. Additionally, the method of oral history is also employed. The data used in this study came from two sources- namely, my personal observations, experiences and conversations during my military service in Ankara in 2014; and interviews with people who had performed their military service. The data obtained will be evaluated in interpretivist paradigm. Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetÖznelerin toplum içindeki varliklari, cinsiyetlere göre olusturulmus gruplar ve cemaatler içinde kabul edilerek, anlam kazanmaktadir. Toplumsal yapinin pratiklerinde, erkeklere tanimlanmis olan cinsiyet rollerinin disinda bir davranista bulunuldugunda “Erkek adam da bunu yapar mi?” söylemini çok defa duymusuzdur. Erkeklik denilen toplumsal statüyü anlamak için olusumundaki katmanlara bakmak ve bu katmalarin iliskide oldugu davranis pratiklerini incelemek gerekmektedir. Türkiye’de askerlik hizmetinin siyasal ve sosyo – kültürel etkilerden dolayi islerligi sürekli dinamik kalmaktadir. Erkeklik mekanizmasinin olusmasinda askerlik hizmeti, toplumsal örgütlenme içerisinde hem siyasal hem de toplumsal iktidar bir güç olarak etkisini göstermektedir. Siyasal bir örgütlenmenin ihtiyaçlari dogrultusunda kurumsallasan askerlik hizmeti, çesitli söylem ve pratikler ile kolektif hafizalarda bir kutsallik kazanmaktadir. Kazandigi bu kutsiyet sonucunda yeni anlam dizgelerine bürünerek, erkeklerin hayatlarinda belirteç bir konuma gelmektedir. Bu çalisma neticesinde askerlik hizmetinin, erkeklik mekanizmasinin olusmasinda büyük bir etkisinin oldugu tespit edilmistir. Geleneksel toplumlarda özellikle kirsal bölgelerde askerlige yüklenen kutsallik bu etkiyi daha da güçlendirerek, erkeklerin askerlik hizmetini, hayatlarinin bir dönüm noktasi olarak görmelerine neden olmustur. Bunun sonucunda askerlik hizmeti bir vatandaslik görevi olmaktan uzaklasarak, toplumsal bir görev halini almistir.Askerlik örgütlenmesinin erkeklerin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin insasinda temel teskil eden dinamiklerden birisi oldugu argümanini kabul etmekteyim. Bu baglamda erkekligin kültürel kodlari “askerlik hizmetinde” aranacaktir. Çalismada otoetnografi yöntemi kullanilmistir. Ayrica sözlü tarih yönteminden de yararlanilmistir. Arastirmada kullanilan bilgiler iki kaynaktan toplanmistir; 2014 yilinda Ankara’da Jandarma olarak askerligimi yaptigim dönemde ki gözlemlerim, deneyimlerim ve görüsmelerim ilk kaynak bilgileri olustururken, askerlik hizmetini yapmis kisiler ile yapilan görüsmelerden elde edilen bulgular ise ikinci kaynak bilgilerimi olusturmaktadir. Elde edilen bu bilgiler yorumsamaci paradigma ile degerlendirilecektir. 

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