ARTICLE
TITLE

An archaeological data assessment of Persian ethnicity in LydiaLydia’da Pers etnisitesine ait arkeolojik bir veri degerlendirmesi

SUMMARY

The present paper assesses the terracotta sarcophagus and its associated context discovered in Ödemis/Yeniceköy in the Lydian region.This paper questions what these group of findings, including two lekythoi and one bronze Achaemenid bowl as burial gifts, mean in terms of the presence of a Persian ethnicity in the region which is a relatively late discovery. Likewise, Achaemenid bowls had been found among the funerary gifts beside a similar sarcophagus during the Beydag tumulus excavations held in 2014 by the Ödemis Museum Directorate, a discovery which made it necessary to investigate the possibility of an Anahita-related tradition of the burial cult  in this site. A similar discovery was made in the excavations of Mount Nif, with this very type of bowl being unearthed in the contexts together with the burials, which provides support to our hypothesis. This hypothesis about the Persian ethnicity that was already present during the Hellenistic and Roman periods is not only based on evidence from the inscriptions, coins, and ancient sources, but now it can also be traced in terms of material culture thanks to the new evidence in question, which is also important in revealing the Persian influence upon burial traditions. The popularity of the Anahita cult that survived from the Achaemenid period well into the Roman era created an impact influencing not only “Lydian Iranians” but also the entire local and Roman population. However, the presence of Persian population here has largely to do with the Anahita cult and its practices. Therefore, occasional retrieval of philalai, i.e. the most commonly-known cultic form of Achaemenid culture, together with burials should be considered as strong archaeological data in ascertaining particularly the Persian ethnicity during the Hellenistic Period. ÖzetMakalede Lydia Bölgesi’nde, Ödemis Yeniceköy’de ele geçen pismis toprak lahit  ve beraberindeki kontekst buluntular degerlendirilmektedir.Gömü hediyesi olarak iki lekythos, bir bronz Akhaimenid kâsenin saptandigi buluntu grubunun bu bölgede geç dönemde varligindan haberdar oldugumuz Pers etnisitesi açisindan anlami sorgulanmaktadir. 2014 yilinda Ödemis Müze Müdürlügü tarafindan yapilan Beydag tümülüs kazilarinda da parçalar halindeki benzer bir lahitle birlikte ele geçirilmis  Akhaimenid kâseler bu alanda olasi bir Anahita baglantili ölü kült geleneginin arastirilmasini gerektirmistir. Benzer bir durumun Nif Dagi arastirmalarinda da ortaya çikmis olmasi ve kontekstlerden gömü beraberinde bu kase tipinin ele geçmesi ön görümüzü güçlendirmektedir. Bölgedeki Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemlerinde var olan Pers etnisitesinin yazit, sikke ve antik kaynaklardaki kanitlari bilinmektedir. Bunun  yani sira materyal kültür açisindan  burada konu edilen yeni izlerin gömü geleneklerinde  takip edilebilmesi, Pers etkisinin baska bir yansimasi olarak önem tasimaktadir. Anahita inancinin Akhaimenid dönemden Roma dönemine kadar sürmüs olan popülerligi, burada sadece “Lydiali Iranlilar” degil tüm yerli ve Romali nüfus üzerinde etki yaratmis görünmektedir. Ancak Pers nüfusunun mevcudiyeti büyük ölçüde Anahita inanç ve kült pratikleri ile iliskilidir. Bu nedenle Akhaimenid kültürünün en bilinen kültik formu phialelerin ise zaman zaman gömüler beraberinde ele geçiyor olmasinin Hellenistik Dönemde özellikle Pers etnisitesinin belirlenmesinde güçlü bir arkeolojik veri oldugu göz önünde tutulmalidir.

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