SUMMARY
Perairan rawa gambut menyimpan potensi ikan hias yang unik dengan keragaman jenis yang berbeda dibanding ikan yang hidup di perairan air tawar lainnya. Karena terbiasa hidup pada kondisi fisik kimia air yang tidak biasa, menyebabkan banyak jenis ikan hias dari perairan rawa gambut belum dapat dipijahkan dan masih mengandalkan penangkapan dari alam. Di sisi lain, kelestarian beberapa jenis ikan hias rawa gambut menjadi terancam karena banyak yang dikonversi seperti Kesatuan Hidrologis Gambut (KHG) Sungai Mempawah-Sungai Duri di Kabupaten Mempawah, Kalimantan Barat. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis ikan hias dan karakteristik habitat di KHG Sungai Mempawah-Sungai Duri, Kabupaten Mempawah, Kalimantan Barat. Informasi yang didapat akan menjadi dasar untuk melakukan rekayasa lingkungan dalam adaptasi dan domestikasi ikan dari perairan lahan gambut. Penelitian dilakukan pada saluran irigasi buatan yang terdapat di lahan perkebunan sawit di daerah Sebukit dan Sawit. Penangkapan dilakukan menggunakan jaring, pancing, bubu, dan seser yang diberi umpan pakan pelet. Namun hanya seser dan bubu yang menghasilkan tangkapan ikan. Dari hasil uji coba penangkapan dan penjeratan diperoleh ikan hias di antaranya Puntius rhomboocellatus, Rasbora trilineata, Desmopuntius johorensis (Duncker, 1904), Rasbora dorsiocellata, sepat (Trichogaster sp.), dan Rasbora cephalotaenia. Karakteristik perairan di wilayah tersebut di antaranya kecepatan aliran sangat lambat (tergenang), pH asam (pH 3-4), kelarutan oksigen sedang (2-3 mg/L), dan berwarna merah hitam seperti teh dengan kecerahan sekitar 20 cm. Di bagian pinggir perairan terdapat rumput-rumputan yang hidup menjorok ke perairan dan menjadi habitat ikan. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa keragaman ikan di daerah ini cukup rendah dan didominasi Puntius rhomboocellatus dan Rasbora cephalotaenia.Peat swamp waters (black water) usually have diverse, unique, and attractive fish species, which often have the potential as ornamental fish. However, due to the uniqueness and adaptation to the water quality condition, black water fishes’ culture, and breeding technology have not yet been fully understood, resulting in reliance on wild capture. On the other side, many of the peat swamp areas were converted to palm plantations such as Peatland Hydrology Unitary (KHG) Mempawah River-Duri River, West Kalimantan. This study aimed to build a biodiversity inventory of ornamental fish species and their habitat characteristics in the peat waters of Peatland Hydrological Unit (KHG) of Mempawah River-Duri River, West Kalimantan. The information obtained serves as baseline information for environmental engineering to adapt and domesticate ornamental black water fishes. The study was conducted in two irrigation channels located on oil palm plantations of the Sebukit and Anjongan-Sawit. These locations are on peat swamps areas and were once a habitat for different black water fishes. The fish samples were caught by hand net, cast net, angler, trap using artificial bait or pellet. Only the hand net and fish trap were successful in capturing the fish. The fish caught included Puntius rhombocellatus, Rasbora trilineata, Desmopuntius johorensis (Duncker, 1904), Rasbora dorsiocellata, Trichogaster sp., and Rasbora cephalotaenia. The water condition of the locations was characterized by very slow-moving water mass (<1 m/minute), acidic (pH 3-4), moderate dissolved oxygen (2-3 mg/L), and typical black water brightness (± 20 cm). Overgrown bushes and grasses along the channels are the natural habitats of these species. This study concludes that the diversity of fish in this area is relatively low and dominated by P. rhomboocellatus and R. cephalotaenia.