GEOSPATIAL MAPPING OF FLOOD HAZARD USING MULTI-CRITERIA APPROACH IN FUFORE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA
TAIWO S. OGUNWUMI
Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), United Nations University, UN Campus, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
EDMOND S. WAZIRI
Department of Geography, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.
JOSEPH C. UDOH *
Department of Geography and National Resources Management, University of Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Flood causes loss of life, damage to critical infrastructure, increase in waterborne diseases, and disruption of human means of livelihood. This calls for the importance of a flood hazard map that can help the government and populace to know where might be flooded in order to be prepared and to mitigate this constantly occurring hazard.This paper utilized geospatial techniques to generate and combine flood hazard components and in the process create a flood hazard map of Fufore Local Government Area, North-Eastern Nigeria. The datasets include the distance from rivers, elevation, slope, rainfall intensity, and land use/ landcover of the study area. Four hazard zones were derived: very high, high, low, and very low. The analysis shows that Low flood hazard zone has the highest coverage with 2112.5 km2 (49.9%), followed by a High flood hazard zone of 1784.6 km2 (42.2%) and Very High with 183.58 (4.3%). The Very Low areas have the least areal extent with 144.89 km2 (3.42%). The total coverage of Very Low and Low areas is 53.32% while High and Very High zones constitute 46.68%. Out of the 26 communities hosting major markets, 4 are found in the Very High zone, 10 in High, 12 in Low and none in Very Low Hazard zone. Markets such as Kasuwar Wurobokki, Kasuwar Bilachi Bwatye, Chigari, Chikito, Mayo Ine, Mayo Sadi, Shuwari Market, and Tike Market are highly susceptible to flooding. Generally, about 91 settlements including Mayo Inne, Damboire Nadere, Tunga Agatu, Tudun WadaWuro Fulbere and Gangare Gidan Audu are all located within the Very High flood hazard zone. Some of these impotant are located within the low-lying areas of Lagdo River and its tributaries. This indicates the fact that in the event of flooding, a high proportion of the population in the study area might be displaced, loose their means of livelihood, impede children's access to schools, and damage essential infrastructure and buildings. The paper has revealed the capabilities of hazard maps to communicate information that could enable policymakers, community members, and related stake holders to take to mitigate flood disaster in the study area.
Keywords: Geospatial mapping, flood hazard, multi-criteria assessment
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References
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