Molecular phylogeny of Acerentomidae (Protura), with description of Acerentuloides bernardi sp. nov. from North America
Keywords:
Protura, Acerentuloides, Acerentulus, Podolinella, Indiana, USA, DNA barcoding, phylogenyAbstract
The closely related genera Acerentulus Berlese, 1908 and Acerentuloides Ewing, 1921 are known from the United State of America by only 3 species: Acerentulus confinis (Berlese, 1908) A. christensoni (Ewing, 1940), and Acerentuloides americanus (Ewing, 1921). Study of proturan material from North America provided a new species belonging to the poorly known genus Acerentuloides. The new species is characterized by the absence of seta sd4 on the head, presence of a minute apical median seta on abdominal legs II and III unique shape of maxillary gland with distal row of clustered globules, presence of setae modified as short, thickened sensilla (sd5 on head, β1 and δ4 on foretarsus, setae P4 on metanotum and A2 on thoracic sterna, accessory setae in tergites and sternites I–VI), absence of seta P1a on abdominal tergites I–VI, foretarsal sensillum b longer than c and presence of psl pores only on tergite VI. Molecular sequences for several Acerentomidae, including Acerentulus confinis, were used to develop hypotheses about species relationships within Acerentomidae.
Key Words: Acerentulus; Podolinella; Indiana; USA; DNA barcoding; phylogeny
Resumen
Los géneros Acerentulus Berlese, 1908 y Acerentuloides Ewing, 1921, muy relacionados entre sí, están representados en Estados Unidos por sólo 3 especies: Acerentulus confinis (Berlese, 1908), Acerentulus christensoni (Ewing, 1940) y Acerentuloides americanus (Ewing, 1924). El estudio del material de proturas de Norteamérica resulto en una nueva especie perteneciente a Acerentuloides. La nueva especie se caracteriza por la ausencia de seta sd4 en la cabeza, la presencia de una seta muy corta en el apice central de las patas abdominales II y III, la forma única de la glándula maxilar con una hilera distal de glóbulos agrupados, la presencia de setas modificadas como sensilas cortas y gruesas (sd5 en cabeza, β1 y δ4 en tarso anterior, setae P4 en el metanotu y A2 en esternón torácico y setas accesorias en tergitos y esternitos I-VI), ausencia de seta P1a en tergitos abdominales I-VI, sensillum b de primer tarso más largo que c, y la presencia de poros psl solamente en el tergito VI. Se utilizaron secuencias moleculares para varios Acerentomidae, incluyendo A. confinis, para desarrollar la hipótesis sobre las relaciones de especies dentro de Acerentomidae.
Palabras Clave: Acerentulus; Podolinella; Indiana; Estados unidos; códigos de barras de ADN; filogenia
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