Effects of vermicompost and urea on the seed germination and growth parameters of Vigna mungo L. and Vigna radiata L. Wilzek
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Abstract
Growth attributes of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata crop influenced by level and type of fertilizers. The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the effects of organic (vermicompost) and inorganic (urea) fertilizers on the germination percentage and seedling growth of V. radiata (Green gram) and V. mungo (Black gram). Fresh weight and dry weight of tested plant samples at 10th days of growth stage were also determined. Vermicompost was used as organic fertilizer and urea as inorganic fertilizer. Experimental results showed that vermicompost and urea both has positive effect on seedling growth parameters of V. mungo and V. radiata [average root length (6.1cm and 6.7cm)] , shoot length (6.5cm and 8.3cm), leaf area (312.2 sq.cm and 334.1 sq.cm] as compared to control set [average root length (4.4cm and 4.3cm)] , shoot length (6cm and 5.9cm), leaf area (282.7 sq.cm and 305.5 sq.cm). But urea exerts negative effect on seed germination percentage in V. mungo and V. radiata (58% and 50%) as compared to control (77%). Vermicompost exhibited better result in above parameters in comparison to urea. V. mungo showed increased value in comparison considering V. radiata in case of organic, inorganic fertilizer treated as well as control sets. As composition of locally available fertilizers is unknown, the application of these fertilizers for improving germination percentage and growth parameters of tested crop need to be evaluated. Present work may provide the suggestive approach for usage of these tested fertilizers in field level trial.
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Keywords
Agricultural Practices, Biofertilizer, Organic Fertilizers, Seedling Growth
References
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Atiyeh, R.M., Lee, S., Edwards, C.A., Arancon, N.Q. and Metzger, J.D. (2002). The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresource Technology,84:7-14. doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00017-2
Badar, R., Khan, M., Batool, B. and Shabbir, S. (2015). Effects of organic amendments in comparison with chemical fertilizer on cowpea growth. International Journal of Applied Research, 1(5): 66-71.
Chand, S., Anwar, M. and Patra, D.D. (2006).Influence of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizer to build up soil fertility and nutrient uptake in mint-mustard cropping sequence. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 37: 63-76.doi.org/10.1080/00103620500408704
Chattopadhyay, G.N. (2005). Vermicomposting as a biotechnological tool form recycling organic wastes. In: Ghosh TK, Chakrabarti T, Tripathi G (eds) Biotechnology in environmental management, vol 1. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, pp135-145.
Domínguez, J. (2004). State of the art and new perspectives on vermicomposting research. In: Earthworm ecology (Ed.):C.A. Edwards, 2nd edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 401-424.
Eswaran, N. and Mariselvi, S.(2016).Efficacy of Vermicompost on growth and yield parameters of Lycopersicum esculentum(Tomato).International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(1):95-108.
Ghanshyam, Kumar, R. and Jat, R.K. (2010). Productivity and soil fertility as affected by organic manures and inorganic fertilizers in greengram (Vigna radiata L.)- wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) system. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 55(1):16-21.
Grantina-Ievina, L., Nikolajeva, V., Rostoks, N., Skrabule, I., Zarina, L.,Pogulis, A., andIevinsh, G. (2015). Impact of green manure and vermicompost on soil suppressiveness, soil microbial populations and plant growth in conditions of organic agriculture of Northern temperate climate. In: Meghvansi M.K., Varma A. (eds.). Organic Amendments and Soil Suppressiveness in Plant Disease Management. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp 381–399.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23075-7_18
Gopalakrishnan, S., Humayun, P., Vadlamudi, S., Vijayabharathi, R., Bhimineni, R.K., and Rupela, O. (2012). Plant growth-promoting traits of streptomyces with biocontrol potential isolated from herbalvermicompost. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 22(10):1199-1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2012.719151
Jaybhaye, M.M. and Bhalerao, S.A. (2015). Influence of Vermiwash on Germination and Growth Parameters of Seedlings of Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) and Black gram (Vigna mungo L.).International Journal of Current Microbiologyand Applied Sciences,4(9): 634-643.
Javaid, A.(2009). Growth, Nodulation & Yield of Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] as influenced by bio fertilizers and soil amendments. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(21):5711-5717. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajb.v8i21.66043
Javed, S. and Panwar, A.(2013). Effect of biofertilizer, vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on different biochemical parameters of Glycine max and Vigna mungo.Recent Research in Science and Technology, 5(1):40-44.
Kadam, S.R., Kalegore, N.K. and Patil, S.R. (2014). Influence of phosphorus, vermicompost and PSB on yield attributes, seed yield and quality of black gram. Advance Research Journal of Crop Improvement,5(1):7-10.
Karmakar, S., Adhikary, M., Gangopadhyay A.and Brahmachari, K. (2015). Impact of Vermicomposting in Agricultural Waste Management vis-à-vis Soil Health Care. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources,8(1): 99-104.https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24680
Mahajan A, Bhagat RM, and Gupta RD. (2008). Integrated nutrient management in sustainable rice-wheat cropping system for food security in India. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 6(2):149-163.
Mahmud, A.J., Shamsuddoha, A.T.M. and Haque, M.N. (2016). Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L). Natural Science, 14(2):45-54. https://doi.org/10.7537/marsnsj14021607.
Muscolo, A., Bovalo, F., Gionfriddo, F. andNardi, S. (1999). Earthworm humic matter produces auxin-like effects on Daucus carotacell growth and nitrate metabolism. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31(9):1303-1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00049-8
Pant, A., Radovich, T.J.K., Hue, N.V., Talcott, S.T. and Krenek, K.A. (2009). Vermicompost extracts influence growth, mineral nutrients, phytonutrients and antioxidant activity in pakchoi (Brassica rapa cv. Bonsai, Chinensis group) grown under vermicompost and chemical fertiliser. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89:2383-2392. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3732
Patel, H.B., Shah, K.A., Barvalya, M.M. and Patel, S.A. (2017). Response of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) to different level of Phosphorus & organic liquid fertilizer. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(10):3433-3451. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.406
Ramteke, A.A., Narwade, M.L., Gurav, A.B, Chavan, S.P. and Wandre, A.G. (2013).Study of germination effect of fertilizers like urea NPK and biozyme on some vegetable plants. Der Chemica Sinica,4(3):22-26.
Sharma, D.K., Prasad, K. and Yadav, S.S. (2008). Effect of integrated nutrient management on the performance of dwarf scented rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth in rice wheat sequence. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(2):660-662.
Savci, S. (2012). Investigation of Effect of Chemical Fertilizers on Environment. APCBEE Procedia, 1:287-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.03.047
Shrimal, P. and Khan, T.I. (2017).Studies on the Effects of Vermicompost on Growth Parameters and Chlorophyll Content of Bengal Gram (Cicer arietinum L.) var. RSG-896. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology,11(5):12-16. https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105031216
Sinha, J., Biswas, C.K. Ghosh, A. and Saha, A. (2010). Efficacy of vermicompost against fertilizers on Cicer and Pisum and on population diversity of N2 fixing bacteria. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(3):287-292.
Tejada M, and Gonzaler JL. (2009). Application of two vermicompost on a rice crop: effects on soil biological properties and rice quality and yield. Agronomy Journal, 101(2):336-344. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0211.
Dhanalakshmi V., Remia K. M., Shanmugapriyan R., and Shanthi K. (2014). Impact of addition of Vermicompost on Vegetable Plant Growth. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(12):56-61
Atiyeh, R.M., Lee, S., Edwards, C.A., Arancon, N.Q. and Metzger, J.D. (2002). The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresource Technology,84:7-14. doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00017-2
Badar, R., Khan, M., Batool, B. and Shabbir, S. (2015). Effects of organic amendments in comparison with chemical fertilizer on cowpea growth. International Journal of Applied Research, 1(5): 66-71.
Chand, S., Anwar, M. and Patra, D.D. (2006).Influence of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizer to build up soil fertility and nutrient uptake in mint-mustard cropping sequence. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 37: 63-76.doi.org/10.1080/00103620500408704
Chattopadhyay, G.N. (2005). Vermicomposting as a biotechnological tool form recycling organic wastes. In: Ghosh TK, Chakrabarti T, Tripathi G (eds) Biotechnology in environmental management, vol 1. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, pp135-145.
Domínguez, J. (2004). State of the art and new perspectives on vermicomposting research. In: Earthworm ecology (Ed.):C.A. Edwards, 2nd edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 401-424.
Eswaran, N. and Mariselvi, S.(2016).Efficacy of Vermicompost on growth and yield parameters of Lycopersicum esculentum(Tomato).International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(1):95-108.
Ghanshyam, Kumar, R. and Jat, R.K. (2010). Productivity and soil fertility as affected by organic manures and inorganic fertilizers in greengram (Vigna radiata L.)- wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) system. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 55(1):16-21.
Grantina-Ievina, L., Nikolajeva, V., Rostoks, N., Skrabule, I., Zarina, L.,Pogulis, A., andIevinsh, G. (2015). Impact of green manure and vermicompost on soil suppressiveness, soil microbial populations and plant growth in conditions of organic agriculture of Northern temperate climate. In: Meghvansi M.K., Varma A. (eds.). Organic Amendments and Soil Suppressiveness in Plant Disease Management. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp 381–399.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23075-7_18
Gopalakrishnan, S., Humayun, P., Vadlamudi, S., Vijayabharathi, R., Bhimineni, R.K., and Rupela, O. (2012). Plant growth-promoting traits of streptomyces with biocontrol potential isolated from herbalvermicompost. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 22(10):1199-1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2012.719151
Jaybhaye, M.M. and Bhalerao, S.A. (2015). Influence of Vermiwash on Germination and Growth Parameters of Seedlings of Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) and Black gram (Vigna mungo L.).International Journal of Current Microbiologyand Applied Sciences,4(9): 634-643.
Javaid, A.(2009). Growth, Nodulation & Yield of Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] as influenced by bio fertilizers and soil amendments. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(21):5711-5717. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajb.v8i21.66043
Javed, S. and Panwar, A.(2013). Effect of biofertilizer, vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on different biochemical parameters of Glycine max and Vigna mungo.Recent Research in Science and Technology, 5(1):40-44.
Kadam, S.R., Kalegore, N.K. and Patil, S.R. (2014). Influence of phosphorus, vermicompost and PSB on yield attributes, seed yield and quality of black gram. Advance Research Journal of Crop Improvement,5(1):7-10.
Karmakar, S., Adhikary, M., Gangopadhyay A.and Brahmachari, K. (2015). Impact of Vermicomposting in Agricultural Waste Management vis-à-vis Soil Health Care. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources,8(1): 99-104.https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24680
Mahajan A, Bhagat RM, and Gupta RD. (2008). Integrated nutrient management in sustainable rice-wheat cropping system for food security in India. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 6(2):149-163.
Mahmud, A.J., Shamsuddoha, A.T.M. and Haque, M.N. (2016). Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L). Natural Science, 14(2):45-54. https://doi.org/10.7537/marsnsj14021607.
Muscolo, A., Bovalo, F., Gionfriddo, F. andNardi, S. (1999). Earthworm humic matter produces auxin-like effects on Daucus carotacell growth and nitrate metabolism. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31(9):1303-1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00049-8
Pant, A., Radovich, T.J.K., Hue, N.V., Talcott, S.T. and Krenek, K.A. (2009). Vermicompost extracts influence growth, mineral nutrients, phytonutrients and antioxidant activity in pakchoi (Brassica rapa cv. Bonsai, Chinensis group) grown under vermicompost and chemical fertiliser. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89:2383-2392. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3732
Patel, H.B., Shah, K.A., Barvalya, M.M. and Patel, S.A. (2017). Response of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) to different level of Phosphorus & organic liquid fertilizer. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(10):3433-3451. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.406
Ramteke, A.A., Narwade, M.L., Gurav, A.B, Chavan, S.P. and Wandre, A.G. (2013).Study of germination effect of fertilizers like urea NPK and biozyme on some vegetable plants. Der Chemica Sinica,4(3):22-26.
Sharma, D.K., Prasad, K. and Yadav, S.S. (2008). Effect of integrated nutrient management on the performance of dwarf scented rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth in rice wheat sequence. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(2):660-662.
Savci, S. (2012). Investigation of Effect of Chemical Fertilizers on Environment. APCBEE Procedia, 1:287-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.03.047
Shrimal, P. and Khan, T.I. (2017).Studies on the Effects of Vermicompost on Growth Parameters and Chlorophyll Content of Bengal Gram (Cicer arietinum L.) var. RSG-896. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology,11(5):12-16. https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105031216
Sinha, J., Biswas, C.K. Ghosh, A. and Saha, A. (2010). Efficacy of vermicompost against fertilizers on Cicer and Pisum and on population diversity of N2 fixing bacteria. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(3):287-292.
Tejada M, and Gonzaler JL. (2009). Application of two vermicompost on a rice crop: effects on soil biological properties and rice quality and yield. Agronomy Journal, 101(2):336-344. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0211.
Dhanalakshmi V., Remia K. M., Shanmugapriyan R., and Shanthi K. (2014). Impact of addition of Vermicompost on Vegetable Plant Growth. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(12):56-61
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Effects of vermicompost and urea on the seed germination and growth parameters of Vigna mungo L. and Vigna radiata L. Wilzek. (2019). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 11(2), 321-326. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2052
