Postpartum Anxiety Factors Involved in Subjects Undergoing Cesarean Section as Analyzed by Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale

Akbar Rahmat, Lucky Saputra, Akhmad Yogi Pramatirta, Udin Sabarudin, Sofie Rifayani Krisnadi, Herman Susanto, Jusuf Sulaeman Effendi


Abstract


Abstract
Objective: postpartum mother who underwent cesarean section may experience anxiety. The risk factors associated with anxiety include age, education and income level, parity, social and cultural factors, delivery methods, as well as the history of pregnancy.
Method: This study used analytic, cross-sectional method. Postpartum mother (n=194) were recruited for this study. All participants consented to fill a questionnaire, to determine the subject’s parameters and anxiety levels. Severity of postpartum anxiety was determined based on the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).
Result: Postpartum anxiety (SAS ≥45) were mostly found in the group experiencing emergency cesarean section (71.13%) compared to the group with scheduled cesarean section (32.1%) (p<0.001). Forty-seven subjects (82.5%) women aged <20 years old experienced postpartum anxiety, while 32.1% women aged ≥20 years old were found to have similar condition (p<0.001). Subjects with lower education levels had a higher prevalence of postpartum anxiety than those with higher education levels (73.4% vs 12.9%, p<0.001). Different income levels  had 47.2% and 46.3% prevalence of postpartum anxiety respectively, but not statistically significant.
Conclusion: there was a correlation between anxiety score on women who experienced an emergency and scheduled cesarean section with age and education level.

Beberapa Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kecemasan Pasien yang Menjalani Seksio Sesarea dengan Pemeriksaan Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale

Abstrak
Tujuan: Kondisi pascaseksio sesarea dapat menimbulkan kecemasan ibu. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi timbulnya kecemasan antara lain usia, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pendapatan, paritas, faktor sosial budaya, faktor jenis persalinan, dan riwayat persalinan yang lalu.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik cross-sectional. Wanita pasca seksio sesarea yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian (n=194) dengan kuesioner. Tingkat kecemasan dinilai berdasarkan derajat Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).Penelitian dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung, RSUD Ujung Berung, RSKIA Kota Bandung, RSUD Soreang Kabupaten Bandung dari bulan Maret sampai dengan April 2017.
Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kecemasan postpartum (SAS ≥45) lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien yang menjalani operasi sesar darurat (71,13%) dibandingkan dengan pasien yang telah dijadwalkan terlebih dahulu (32,1%) (p <0,001). Empat puluh tujuh pasien (82,5%) wanita usia <20 tahun mengalami kecemasan pasca melahirkan, sementara 32,1% wanita berusia ≥ 20 tahun ditemukan memiliki kondisi yang sama (p <0,001). Tingkat pendidikan ≤ SLTP memiliki prevalensi kecemasan lebih tinggi dibandingkan > SLTA (73,4% vs 12,9%, p <0,001). Tingkat pendapatan yang berbeda (lebih rendah dari UMR, sama atau lebih tinggi dari UMR) memiliki prevalensi pasca melahirkan sebesar 47,2% dan 46,3%, namun tidak signifikanberbeda  secara statistik.
Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan tingkat kecemasan pasca seksio sesarea pada kelompok  seksio sesarea segera dibandingkan terencana dengan usia dan tingkat pendidikan.

Kata kunci: Seksio sesarea, usia, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pendapatan, paritas, Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale


Keywords


Caesarean section, age, education levels, income levels, parity, Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/obgynia.v1i1.59

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