Efek Toksik Merkuri dalam Krim Pencerah Wajah dari Perspektif Klinis

Retno Haryanti; Auliya A. Suwantika; Marline A. Bratadiredja

doi:10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.3.245

Efek Toksik Merkuri dalam Krim Pencerah Wajah dari Perspektif Klinis

Retno Haryanti, Auliya A. Suwantika, Marline A. Bratadiredja

Abstract

Efek toksik akibat paparan merkuri dapat terjadi melalui berbagai cara, antara lain menghirup uap merkuri, tertelan maupun topikal. Penyerapan merkuri secara topikal dapat terjadi melalui penggunaan produk kosmetik. Salah satu produk kosmetik yang digunakan secara topikal dan rentan mengandung merkuri adalah krim pencerah wajah. Telah banyak penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek toksik merkuri terhadap manusia akibat penggunaan krim pencerah wajah. Tujuan artikel review ini adalah untuk memberikan suatu tinjauan khusus dan komprehensif mengenai efek toksik penggunaan krim pencerah wajah yang mengandung merkuri bagi manusia. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun artikel review ini yaitu pencarian literatur publikasi dalam situs pencari seperti MEDLINE (melalui PubMed) dan Google Scholar. Selain itu, pencarian jurnal acuan juga melalui situs jurnal terpercaya seperti ScienceDirect, Springer dan beberapa situs lainnya dengan menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci pencarian seperti toxicity of mercury, mercury in skin lightening cream, mercury exposure in skin whitening cream dan clinical effects of mercury. Literatur yang ditemukan kemudian diseleksi berdasarkan pertimbangan kelayakan dan kesesuaian sehingga diperoleh 43 jurnal. Hasil review yaitu kandungan merkuri dalam krim pencerah wajah dapat diserap tubuh dan masuk sirkulasi sistemik sehingga bersifat toksik terhadap organ dengan berbagai manifestasi klinisnya. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan merkuri dalam krim pencerah wajah harus dihindari, hanya boleh sebagai cemaran logam berat dengan kadar tidak lebih dari 1 ppm.

Kata kunci: krim pencerah wajah, merkuri, toksik

Toxic Effects of Mercury on Facial Lightening Cream from Clinical Perspective

Abstract
The toxic effect of mercury is absorbed into the body through various methods, such as through inhalation, ingestion or topical contact. Mercury is mostly absorbed through topical cosmetic contact, such as using a facial lightening cream. Furthermore, many studies have been conducted to determine the toxic effects of mercury on humans due to the use of this cream. Therefore, this review aims to explore the comprehensive toxic effects of facial lightening creams containing mercury on humans. The method used in compiling this review was by searching related articles at MEDLINE (via Pub Med) and Google Scholar, through trusted journal sites, such as ScienceDirect, Springer, and several others. The search keywords used were toxicity of mercury, mercury in skin lightening cream, mercury exposure in skin whitening cream, and clinical effects of mercury. The literatures found were filtered based on their feasibility and suitability, and used as many as 43 articles. The results showed that the mercury content in facial lightening creams was absorbed through the skin into the systemic circulation, and intoxicated several organs, with various clinical manifestations. In conclusion, the use of mercury in facial lightening creams should meet the standard criteria, namely heavy metal contaminants with levels not exceeding 1 ppm.

Keywords: Facial lightening cream, mercury, toxic

Keywords

Krim pencerah wajah, merkuri, toksik

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